摘要
生态补偿是调整利益相关者利益、维护生态系统服务功能的重要政策工具,政府付费项目是生态补偿的重要类型。基于长三角地区上海、苏州和湖州生态补偿实践的调查,运用利益相关者分析和比较分析方法,辨识地方政府付费型生态补偿利益相关者属性、类型及其行为响应差异并揭示原因。按照影响力、参与度和经济利益性的不同,将生态补偿补偿利益相关者分为核心、次核心I、次核心II和边缘型。结果表明,三地实践中,市、县(区)政府是核心利益相关者,与我国地方政府权威具有一致性;现行补偿制度没有赋予乡镇和村等次核心利益相关者I讨价还价的资格,成为其在环境治理和民生改善项目上有限响应的法律约束条件;次核心利益相关者II(媒体、环保NGO、科研机构)虽然有主动响应的积极性,但参与度还不高;农户的利益相关者属性和类型因地而异,且农户、企业和社会公众的响应比较微弱。同时,不同利益相关者利益目标和属性亦存在冲突,不同地区利益相关者在监督与审计、制度调整以及环境治理和民生投入方面的响应也不完全一致。利益相关者属性、类型及其行为响应差异,与生态补偿制度安排、当地经济社会发展和地方政府偏好等深层次原因紧密相关,这也是今后我国地方政府付费型生态补偿项目设计需要重视的问题。随着我国生态补偿制度的不断发展,基于利益相关者视角,地方政府付费型生态补偿项目设计,应注重增加利益相关者的满意度和公众参与度,注重生态补偿制度安排与当地经济社会发展的协调融合。
Payments for ecosystem services （PES） is a vital tool to adjust stakeholder interests and maintain ecosystem services. Local governmental PES is a typical example in China. Based on the investigation of the PES program in Shanghai, Suzhou and Huzhou Cities in the Yangtze River Delta, stakeholder analysis and comparison analysis were used to discriminate the differences in attributes, categories and responses of stakeholders to local governmental PES program. The influencing factors were also analyzed in this study. According to the influence, involvement, and economic interest, the stakeholders of the PES program in the Yangtze River Delta were categorized into core, sub-core I, sub-core II, and periphery stakeholders. The municipal and district government were core stakeholders. This was consistent with the authority of local governments under the political system of China. Stakeholders of sub-core I （towns and villages） were not qualified to bargain, which was the legal constraints of their limited responses to environmental governance and people＇s livelihood inputs schemes. Stakeholders of sub-core II （the media, environmental non-governmental organizations, and academic institutions） have keen on responding to the PES program but have low involvement at present. The attributes of peasant household were different and it was belonged to different stakeholder in each area. In summary, peasant households, enterprises and the public had week responses to the PES program. Because of the conflicts of purposes and attributes, the stakeholders had different responses to the PES program in supervision and audit, system adjustments, environmental governance, and livelihoocl inputs. This study also found that differences in attributes, categories and responses of stakeholders to the PES program have positive relation to PES arrangements, local economic-social conditions, and preference of local government. The experiences in the Yangtze River Delta are beneficial to further PES practices. With the PES progr
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期43-49,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"基于生态地租的生态环境补偿研究"(编号:41001382)
关键词
生态补偿
利益相关者
地方政府
响应
长三角地区
payments for ecosystem services
stakeholder
local government
response
the Yangtze River Delta
