摘要
露天煤矿开采损毁大量土地资源,同时引发植被受损、景观结构功能遭到破坏和生物多样性降低等一系列生态环境问题,已成为制约矿区可持续发展乃至区域生态安全的重大隐患。土地复垦是对损毁土地采取整治措施,使其达到可供利用状态的活动,也是生物多样性的恢复过程。因此,露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究对促进矿区经济和生态环境协调发展具有重要意义。简要介绍了生物多样性内涵和研究热点,以及露天煤矿开采复垦过程中生物多样性扰动与恢复特征,重点阐述了露天煤矿生物多样性保护中的多样性调查、监测和评价以及受损评估和预测研究进展。同时,重点论述了露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性恢复中的土壤生境再造、植被重建以及复垦土地景观结构与生态功能的研究进展。阐释了露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复的相关法规政策。最后展望了未来露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复领域的研究重点,以期为推动该领域进一步研究提供思路。
Abstract ： Biodiversity provides the necessary resources and living environment for human life, which is a core component of the earth＇s life-support system. Opencast coal mining destroys a considerable number of land resources. Meanwhile, series of ecological problems were triggered, such as vegetation damage, the destruction of structure and function of landscape and biodiversity loss, etc. Land reclamation is an activity making damaged land to reach available state through taking remediation measures; of course, it is also the recovery process of biodiversity. Therefore, it is greatly significant to promote the coordinated development of economy and environment on the study of conservation and restoration of biodiversity in land reclamation of openeast coal mine. The connotation and research which focus on biodiversity and disturbance and recovery features of conservation and restoration of biodiversity in the process of mining and land reclamation of opencast coal mine were briefly introduced. In the aspect of biodiversity conservation of opencast coal mine, some study progresses on investigation, monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity, damage assessment and forecasting were concentrated on. In the aspect of biodiversity restoration of opencast coal mine, the landscape structure, and ecological researches on soil habitat function of biodiversity reconstruction, reengineering revegetatlon, were mainly reclamation discussed.Relevant regulations and policies for conservation and restoration of biodiversity in land reclamation of opencast coal mine were interpreted. Finally, the future research about conservation and restoration of biodiversity in land reclamation of opencast coal mine were looked forward. It may provide some ideas for further promoting the research in this area.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期72-82,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201411017)
关键词
生物多样性
露天煤矿
土地复垦
土壤生境再造
植被重建
Biodiversity Opencast coal mine Land reclamation Soil habitat reconstruction Revegetation
