摘要
影响高粱高产的因素很多,包括品种、水肥、土质及气候等因素,为探究高粱的高产性能,寻找影响高粱高产的突破口,本研究运用单因素随机区组设计的方法对粒用高粱拔节期和灌浆期的最大需水量及其一生的耗水特性进行了研究。结果表明：随着灌水量的增加,耗水量增加,穗长和枝梗数显著性地增加,但灌水量120~140 mm的穗长和枝梗数差异不显著;籽粒千粒重和产量显著性地增加,灌水量100~140 mm的千粒重和产量差异不显著。高粱拔节期最大需水量为120 mm;开花灌浆期最大需水量为100 mm;高粱拔节前耗水48.74 mm,占总耗水量的10%~15%;拔节~抽穗耗水140.51~177.12 mm,占总耗水的35%~43%,抽穗-成熟耗水137.65~272.27 mm,占总耗水的42%~55%;水分生产效率随耗水量的增大,呈现先升后降的趋势,灌浆期灌水100 mm处理的水分生产效率为最高,最高可达29.49 kg/（hm2·mm）。
There are many factors affecting sorghum high-yield, such as variety, water and fertilizer, soil andclimate, etc. To explore high-yield performance of sorghum and look for the research breakthrough of sorghumyield influencing factors, the maximum water requirement on the stage of sorghum jointing and flowering andlifelong water consumption characteristics of grain sorghum were studied by the method of univariaterandomized complete block design. The results showed that water consumption and ear length and branchnumber increased significantly as the quantity of irrigation water increased, no significant difference was foundon the ear length and branch number by the 120-140 mm irrigation amount. 1000-grain weight and yield ofgrain increased significantly, no obvious difference was found by the 100- 140 mm irrigation amount. Theconclusions showed that the maximum water requirement was 120 mm for sorghum jointing stage and 100 mmfor flowering filling stage. Water consumption was 48.74 mm before sorghum jointing stage, which accountedfor 10%- 15% of the total water consumption. Water consumption was 140.51- 177.12 mm from jointing toheading, which accounted for 35%- 43% of the total water consumption. Water requirement was 137.65-272.27 mm from heading to maturation, which accounted for 42%-55% of the total water consumption. Therewas a trend that water productivity increased first and then decreased with the increasing of water consumption.Water productivity was the highest on the sorghum filling stage by the treatment of the 100 mm irrigationamount, which could reach 29.49 kg/（hm2·mm）.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第21期86-91,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省科技攻关项目"水地粒用高粱调亏灌溉技术研究"(20140311003-2)
山西省农科院科研攻关项目"水地粒用高粱需水量及灌水技术的研究"(2013GG03)
院重点项目"糯高粱高产高效规范化种植关键技术集成(YZD1401)
关键词
粒用
高粱
需水量
耗水特性
grain
sorghum
water requirement
water consumption characteristics
