摘要
企业"走出去"发展,不仅可以提高我国企业在国际市场的核心竞争力,拓展企业国际发展空间,在全球范围内优化配置资源和生产要素,缓解国内产能过剩,推动产业升级,而且有利于解决贸易顺差不断增加所带来的国际收支不平衡问题,有利于减少与欧美国家的贸易摩擦。作为国家对外开放总体战略的重要组成部分,我国对外投资合作近年来取得跨越式发展,"走出去"的规模和效益不断提升,投资国别和结构呈多元化发展趋势。随着对外投资企业的不断增多,尤其是资源类企业向国际市场的大规模进军,由企业经营开发活动产生的一些环境影响,引起国际社会的广泛关注甚至争议。尽管从商业角度看,经济活动的本质就是承担风险,"走出去"就是驾驭风险的过程,但和平崛起过程中,中国企业面对的国际化风险,在资源竞争加剧、环境压力严峻等背景下,显得"前所未有"。风险集中体现为资金来源国与流向国面临着不同的政治、经济、法律与外交背景,在环境标准、环境管理和环境意识等方面都有所不同,投资行为所引起的环境问题更容易引起投资所在国家、民众甚至国际社会的注意。根据中国对外投资政策与发展现状分析,本文提出了完善对外投资的环境相关法律体系、建立对外投资的环境影响评价制度与绿色信贷体系、加强能力建设与建立中国对外投资环境管理决策支持平台等建议。
＇ Going out of enterprises＇ can improve Chinese enterprises ＇ competitiveness, expand the international markets, upgrade industrial infrastructures, solve the trade surplus increasing caused by the imbalance of international payments, and reduce the trade friction with the developed countries. As an important part of the national strategy on adoption of China＂ s reform and openlng-up policy, China＇ s foreign investment cooperation has achieved great-leap-forward development in recent years, the scale and benefit of ＇ going out＇ have continuously increased, and countries and structures from Chinese investment have diversified. Along with the foreign investment of enterprises continued to increase, especially resource enterprise enter into the international market, their environmental impaes caused international concern. Although from a business point of view the essence of economic activity is to take the risk, and ＇ going out＇ process is to control the risk, hut the process of balancing rises. Chinese enterprises face the risk of internationalization, resources competition, and environmental impact. Risk is embodied in countries of origin and destination of funds. These countries have the different political, economic, legal and diplomatic environment, and they have different environmental standards, environmental management and consciousness etc. The environmental issues caused by the investment behavios would be seriously concerned in country of investment destination, public and international organization. According to the analysis on China overseas investment policy and development, this paper proposed to establish the system of environmental laws related to overseas investment, improve the ODI and environment impact assessment system and green credit, and strengthen capacity building and the establishment of environmental management platform on China＇ s overseas investment.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期62-67,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
关键词
对外投资
环境风险
对策建议
overseas investment
environmental risk
countermeasures
