摘要
为给高产小麦合理灌溉和氮肥施用提供科学依据,以小麦品种豫麦49-198为材料,在豫北高产麦田研究了不同水、氮处理对小麦花后植株氮素吸收、累积和转运的影响。试验采取灌水与施氮量两因子裂区设计,其中灌水为主区,设全生育期不灌水（W0）、拔节期灌1水（W1）和拔节水＋开花水灌2水（W2）3个水平;施氮量为副区,设置4个水平,即每公顷施纯氮量0kg（N0）、180kg（N1）、240kg（N2）和300kg（N3）。结果表明,W1和W2下小麦籽粒产量较W0分别提高16.6%和25.6%,蛋白质产量分别提高14.2%和19.2%。籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高与氮素积累和转运有关。灌水增加了茎鞘、叶片和颖轴的氮素累积量,提高了茎鞘氮素转运效率和贡献率,但减小了叶片氮素转运量、转运效率和贡献率。施氮可显著增加小麦花后植株氮素累积量及氮素转运量,进而提高小麦籽粒氮素累积量和蛋白质产量。与N0相比,成熟期N1、N2和N3籽粒氮素累积量分别增加44.9%、59.3%和60.2%,叶片贡献率分别增加60.2%、40.9%和61.5%,籽粒产量分别提高75.3%、73.5%和79.8%。水氮互作显著影响叶片氮素累积量和氮素转运效率,但对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响不显著。综合来看,在豫北高产条件下,不灌水或灌1水时小麦适宜施氮量为180~240kg·hm-2,灌2水时适宜施氮量为240kg·hm-2。
In order to determine the optimal regimes of irrigation and nitrogen（N）application for highyielding wheat production,a field experiment was conducted in Wenxian County（N34°92′E112°99′）in the growing season of 2013-2014 in high-yielding wheat production area in Henan Province.Yumai49-198,a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar,was used to investigate the characters of N uptake,accumulation and translocation in different parts of wheat plant after anthesis.The experiment was by a split-block design with 3irrigation regimes and 4 Napplication rates.The irrigation treatments included no irrigation（W0）,irrigation at jointing stage（W1）,and irrigation at jointing plus flowering（W2）;the N treatments included N amount of 0kg（N0）,180kg（N1）,240kg（N2）and 300kg（N3）per hectare.The results indicated that compared with W0 treatment,treatments of W1 and W2increased grain yield by 16.6% and 25.6%,protein yield by 14.2% and 19.2%,respectively.The increases of grain yield and protein yield were connected with N accumulation and translocation in wheat plant：appropriate irrigation increased the N accumulation in stem-sheath,leaf,spike axis and glume,and improved the N transfer rate and its contribution rate of stem-sheath,but reduced the N transfer in leaves of plant.Nitrogen application significantly increased the N accumulation and its translocation in aerial parts of wheat plant after anthesis,thus greatly increased the N accumulation in grains and the grain yield.Compared with N0 treatment,treatments of N1,N2 and N3increased N accumulation in grains by 44.9%,59.3% and 60.2%,leaf contribution rate by 60.2%,40.9% and 61.5.5%,grain yield by 75.3%,73.5% and 79.8%,respectively.These increases were relatively greater than that of irrigation.The result also indicated that interaction between irrigation and nitrogen significantly influenced N accumulation and its transfer rate in leaves,but had no significant effects on grain yield and protein yield.We concluded that,in the high-yielding wheat pro
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期798-805,共8页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203079)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07)
河南省小麦产业技术体系岗位专家项目(S2010-01-G07)
关键词
高产小麦
花后植株
氮素累积与转运
产量
水氮调控
High-yield wheat
Plant after anthesis
N accumulation and translocation
Grain yield
Regulation effects of irrigation and nitrogen
