摘要
目的了解深圳市一起幼儿园流行性腮腺炎暴发原因和流行特征,为制定和落实防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法对疫情的流行强度、三间分布、流行原因进行调查。结果全园流行性腮腺炎总罹患率为7.48%(44/588),男女罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.67,P=0.031),中位发病年龄为5岁,首发病例2014年2月27日发病,疫情持续3个月半,传播4代,波及6个班级。早期病例有33.33%(6/18)未及时隔离。出现病例的6个班级合计接种率为59.41%(120/202),与未出现病例班级合计接种率(81.61%,213/261)差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.80,P<0.001),大班和大大班合计接种率为62.08%(167/269),与中班和小班合计接种率(85.57%,166/194)差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.79,P<0.001),疫苗效果指数(VE)为59.81%。结论该起事件为儿童病例引入幼儿园后引发的流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情,传播方式为人传人增殖模式。环境条件差和疫苗接种率不高是造成本次疫情传播的影响因素。落实麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗(MMR)接种率,加强幼儿园软硬件管理,是预防和控制流行性腮腺炎暴发的重要措施。
Objective To investigate the causes and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of mumps in a kindergarten in Shenzhen City so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating and implementing prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological survey on the spot was conducted to investigate the epidemic intensity, the distribution of time, space and population and the epidemic causes of the outbreak. Results The overall attack rate of mumps in the kindergarten was 7.48 % （44/588）, with a statistically significant difference between genders （ X2 = 4.67, P = 0. 031）. The median age was 5 years old. The first case was found on February 27, 2014. The epidemic lasted for 3.5 months and spread to 6 classes, involving 4 generations. 33.33 % （6/18） of the early cases were not isolated promptly. There were statistically significant differences （x2 = 27.80, P 〈 0. 001） in the total vaccination rate between 6 epidemic classes （59.41%, 120/202） and the non - epidemic classes （81.61%, 213/261 ）. There were statistically significant differences （x2 = 35.79, P 〈 0. 001 ） in the vaccination rate between senior classes （62.08 %, 167/269） and junior classes （85.57 %, 166/194）. The vaccine effectiveness （VE） index was 59.81%. Conclusions This event is an outbreak of mumps caused by a child case bringing in the kindergarten, and the way of the transmission is through human- to- human proliferation model. Poor environmental condition and low vaccination against mumps are the factors affecting the transmission of the epidemic outbreak. Implementing the inoculation rate of the combined measles - mumps- rubella vaccine（MMR） and strengthening the management of the kindergarten are the important measures for preventing and controlling mumps outbreak.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2015年第7期820-823,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
深圳市科技计划项目(201303249)
关键词
流行性腮腺炎
暴发
流行特征
Mumps
Outbreak
Epidemiological characteristics
