摘要
食品安全责任保险有助于保障大规模侵权中的受害人权益、激励经营者强化主体责任意识及能力、构建合理的风险分担机制。强制立法不仅有助于做实上述效应,且与当下通过政府综合治理增进食品行业信用的实际需要相契合。立法形式应从部门规章向行政法规、法律过渡,采取"政府主导与商业基础相结合"的运营模式;通过试点确立强制保险中食品、食品企业及行业的基准范围,限定保险人资质并加强激励,赋予受害人直接请求权;通过合同的订立与解除创造投保人的选择权与保险人的竞争市场,由监管机构制定基准保费并以此指导保险人确定具体保费,强化保险费的奖惩功能,完善保费确定与调整中的第三方评估与听证机制;责任范围应限于人身损害并应设定责任限额,超出责任范围和责任限额的损害应通过风险救助基金、"基本险加附加险"等模式拓展赔偿能力;投保人应具有如实告知、配合检查与事前防范等义务,因受害人故意引发的人身损害属于保险人的免责理由;最后还应完善行政与司法治理等配套制度建设。
Food safety liability insurance helps to safeguard the rights and interests of victims in mass torts, motivates corporations to strengthen responsibility consciousness and ability, and builds a rational risk sharing mechanism. Coercive legislation will not only help to realize the above effects, but match with the current to improve the credit of the food industry through the government comprehensive treatment. Legislative form should transit from administrative departments ＇ government leading combined regulations to administrative with a commercial basis＂ of rules and laws, take ＂ the operating mode, establish the underwriter qualification and strengthen incentives and give the victim direct right of claim by piloting to confirm the food, food companies and industry benchmark of the compulsory insurance; and set the benchmark premium by the regulator so as to guide the underwriter determine specific insurance cost, strengthen the insurance premium＇ rewards and punishment function, and perfect the premium determination and adjustment by the third party evaluation and hearing mechanism by contract of option and lift to create the policy holders＇ selective rights and underwriter competition in the market. In addition, the limitation of liability shall be limited to personal injury and limit the liability quantity, and the damages beyond the scope and limitation shall be determined by risk fund, ＂ basic add additional insurances＂ and similar ways so as to expand the compensation ability. The applicant should fulfill the obligations including truthful informing, cooperating to check and preventing the risks, meanwhile the victim deliberately caused personal injury should not belong to the insurer＇ s liability. Also, it is necessary to improve the system of administrative and judicial regulations and other supporting constructions.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期244-264,共21页
China Legal Science
基金
司法部2014年度国家法治与法学理论研究课题<我国食品安全责任强制保险的法律构造研究>(项目批准号:14SFB20033)阶段成果
对外经济贸易大学学科建设专项经费资助(XK2014410)
