摘要
从理论、制度和实践三个视角,研究美国政府支持共性技术研发的政策演进,并得出启示。首先,从政府与市场关系的角度,将美国科技政策的历程划分为4个阶段,认为美国政府自20世纪70年代末介入民用共性技术研发;第二,梳理美国学术界关于共性技术的理论研究成果;第三,研究美国政府支持共性技术研发的ATP计划(先进技术计划)的法律制度及其变迁;第四,基于数据分析,指出共性技术政策实践,与理论解说和立法初衷存在偏差,比较、分析不同联邦机构对ATP计划的评价差异。最后,从共性技术理论研究和政策设计的角度,提出对我国的启示。
This paper presents the policy evolution of the United States Government＇s support for generic technology R＆D,and its inspiration. The first part of this paper divides the history of USA science and technology policy into four stages, and puts forward the views that U. S. Federal Government has supported generic technology R＆D since the end of 1970s. The second part presents the typical theory about generic technology in American academia. The third part depicts the institutional framework and change of Advanced Technology Program which was committed to supporting generic technology R＆D. The fourth part finds the differences among policy practice, theoretical explanation and legislative intent based on the data analysis;then compares the assessment of ATP made by different federal agencies. The fifth part puts forward the inspiration to China in aspects of theory research and policy design.
出处
《中国软科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期160-172,共13页
China Soft Science
基金
国家软科学研究计划重大招标项目(2013GXS1D005)
上海市2013年度"科技创新行动计划"软科学研究重点项目(13692101800)
关键词
共性技术
政策演进
先进技术计划
generic technology
policy evolution
Advanced Technology Program
