摘要
页岩气在全世界方兴未艾,并已在许多国家成为重要的非常规能源。虽然美国仍然在页岩气的商业化生产方面一路遥遥领先,但是其他地区都在凭借技术进步和政策推动加速追赶。目前,资源、政策、技术和需求已成为页岩气产业的4个主要推动和制约因素。本文主要研究页岩气的产业现状和政策效果。不少国家的页岩气政策已经从简单刺激演化到规范发展的阶段。特别是世界油价动荡和美国当前的政策导致移动性生产要素流至国外。澳大利亚、中国、印尼、阿根廷、英国、波兰等国家虽然起步较晚,但政策效果正在逐步显现。世界页岩气政策的趋势主要表现为:新兴国家积极创新发展模式;水资源及环境监管加强;财税政策出现调整;北美技术成熟,产量企稳;欧洲政策趋暖;亚洲进展迅速。当前来看,一国页岩气政策成功的关键在于找准规范与促进的平衡点。
Shale gas in the whole world has shown a pattern of rapid development and become an important unconventional energy in many countries .While the United States has been leading the commercial production of shale gas ,other parts of the world are promoting shale gas industry by speeding up their technology and policy .Recently ,the authors argue that endowment ,policy ,technology and demand have been four major factors in shale gas industry .This paper mainly studies the production situation and effects of policy on shale gas .Many countries’ polices evolved from a simple stimulus to the stage of regulation .In particular ,the fluctuations of oil price and the relatively strict policy for shale gas in the United States led to the outflow of production factors to foreign countries .Although Australia ,China ,Indonesia ,Argentina ,UK , Poland and other countries started shale gas research and development programs late ,the effect of policies is gradually emerging .The trends of world shale gas include：emerging nations are actively creating new models ,water resources and environment regulations have been enhanced ,financial and taxation measures are experiencing adjustments ,North America holds advanced technology with stable production ,European policy becomes favorable and Asia grows rapidly .As for now ,the key to the success of shale gas policy is to identify and establishes a balance between regulation and promotion .
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2015年第6期11-17,28,共8页
China Mining Magazine
基金
中国地质调查"国外地质文献资料集成服务与分析研究"项目资助(编号:1212011220914)
关键词
页岩气
产业政策
税收
规范
平衡点
shale gas
industry policy
taxation
promotion and regulation
balancing point
