摘要
2013年黄土高原延安地区发生的极端暴雨导致水土保持工程损毁严重,因此急需研究不同类型梯田抗御暴雨侵蚀防蚀效果。选取安塞县同一地区典型梯田—大棚、梯田—大田和梯田—水窖—苹果3种具有不同水沙调控措施梯田,根据暴雨前后野外监测资料,分析比较了3种梯田抗御暴雨侵蚀灾害的能力。结果表明:带有水沙调控措施的梯田防蚀效果明显好于无水沙调控措施的梯田。梯田—水窖—苹果侵蚀最轻,各阶梯田侵蚀等级均在中度侵蚀以下,平均土壤侵蚀模数仅为2 177t/km2;梯田—大棚由于在大棚基部修建有排水渠道其侵蚀程度次之,平均土壤侵蚀模数为18 269t/km2,但棚面集流效率高使得各阶梯田土壤侵蚀等级都在极强度侵蚀以上;梯田—大田侵蚀最严重,平均土壤侵蚀模数为23 921t/km2,由梯田顶部到底部土壤侵蚀逐渐加重,最下部3阶梯田累积侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的85.02%。黄土丘陵沟壑区发展高效农业需要在梯田上因地制宜修建水沙调控措施,以调节水沙时空分布,保障农业生产。
In order to understand the serious damage of soil and water conservation projects caused by heavy rain in Loess Plateau in 2013, it is urgent to study the effects of different water and sediment regulation measures on soil erosion control. Based on the field monitoring and collected rainfall data, this paper chose three kinds of terraces with different water and sediment regulation measures and compared their ability to resist the heavy rain disaster. The results showed that terraces with water and sediment regulation measures presented the better erosion controlling effect than those without water and sediment regulation measures significantly. Cellar-apple-terraces showed the lightest erosion intensity, with the degrees of all levels of terraces being middle erosion and average soil erosion modulus being 2 177 t/km2. Greenhouses-terrace showed middle erosion intensity and its average soil erosion modulus was 18 269 t/kin~ due to drainage channels constructed on the laase of greenhouses, whereas the high ef{iciency of rainwater collection on the surface of greenhouse made the average soil erosion modulus of all levels of terraces reach to 18 269 t/krnz- The erosion of field terrace was the most serious, and the average soil erosion modulus of the {ield-terrace was 23 921t/kine. There was an increasing tendency of soil erosi^n fr^m the up to the down of field terrac＇ and the erosion rate of the lowermost three levels of field terrace accounted for 85.02% of total erosion rate. There was the increasing requirement o[ constructing water and sediment regulation measures based on practical situation to develop high efficient agriculture, control the spatiotemporal distribution of water and sediment, and ensure agricultural production.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期10-15,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成示范"(2011BAD31B05)
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划"治沟造地工程区坡面整治综合技术集成与示范"(2013KTDZ03-03-01)
国家自然科学基金(41371276
51309194)
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所知识创新工程专项(水土保持工程)(A315021304)
关键词
水沙调控
土壤侵蚀
梯田
暴雨径流
黄土高原
water and sediment regulation measures
soil erosion
terraces
rainstorm runoff
Loess Plateau
