摘要
目的 探讨胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良与染色体异常的相关性,以及胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良进行产前诊断的必要性. 方法 2010年1月至2014年4月,广州市妇女儿童医疗中心通过产前超声检查共检出胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良187例,所有孕妇均建议行介入性产前诊断及妊娠中期胎儿超声结构筛查,并于预产期后3个月进行随访.采用描述性分析及x2检验分析胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良与唐氏综合征的关系,及合并其他结构异常对染色体核型异常的影响. 结果 187例胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良孕妇中126例接受介入性产前诊断,另61例未行产前诊断.126例接受产前诊断病例中共检出胎儿染色体核型异常36例（28.6％）,其中21-三体26例（20.6％）,18-三体6例（4.8％）,13-三体3例（2.4％）,性染色体嵌合体1例（0.8％）.126例接受产前诊断病例中,合并其他超声结构异常的胎儿染色体异常发生率高于不合并其他超声结构异常的胎儿[44.4％（28/63）与12.7％（8/63）,x^2=15.556,P=0.000].在63例不合并其他超声结构异常的单纯鼻骨缺失或发育不良病例中,14例唐氏综合征筛查（简称唐筛）高风险,其中7例产前诊断证实染色体异常;39例唐筛低风险病例中胎儿染色体核型均未见异常;另外10例未行唐筛而直接行产前诊断者中,仅检出1例胎儿染色体核型异常（性染色体嵌合体）.妊娠早期检出鼻骨缺失或发育不良胎儿染色体异常发生率高于妊娠中、晚期检出者[25.5％（28/110）与10.4％（8/77）,x^2=6.613,P=0.007]. 结论 检出胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良时,有必要进行唐筛及详细的胎儿超声结构筛查.如胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良合并其他超声结构异常或唐筛高风险,应进行产前诊断排除染色体异常.
Objective To investigate the relationship between absent or hypoplastic fetal nasal bone and chromosome abnormalities.Methods From January 2010 to April 2014,187 fetuses were found to have absent or hypoplastic nasal bone by prenatal ultrasound scanning in Guangzhou Maternal and Children＆#39;s Hospital.All the pregnant women should undergo interventional prenatal diagnosis for fetal chromosome abnormalities,and should be followed up for three months after the expected delivery date.The correlation between absent or hypoplastic fetal nasal bone and chromosome abnormalities,and the effects of complicating structural defects were analyzed by descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test.Results Of the 187 pregnant women,126 underwent interventional prenatal diagnostic tests,and fetal chromosome abnormalities were detected in 36 cases （28.6%）,including 26 cases （20.6%） of trisomy 21,6 cases （4.8%） of trisomy 18,three cases （2.4%） of trisomy 13 and one sex chromosome chimerism.In the 126 cases received prenatal diagnosis,the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in fetuses without other structural defects was significantly lower than that with structural defects [12.7% （8/63） vs 44.4% （28/63）,x^2=15.556,P=0.000].Among 63 cases without other structural defects,seven fetuses were confirmed to have chromosome abnormalities in 14 women with high risk by Down syndrome screening,no chromosome abnormalities were found in 39 pregnant women with low risk by Down syndrome screening,and one sex chromosome chimerism was found in the other ten women who did not undergo Down syndrome screening.Absent or hypoplastic nasal bone detected in the first trimester resulted in a higher risk of chromosome abnormalities than that detected in the second and the third trimester [25.5% （28/110） vs 10.4% （8/77）,x^2=6.613,P=0.007].Conclusions When a fetus is found to have absent or hypoplastic nasal bone,it is necessary to perform Down syndrome screening and a detailed morphology scan.Women shown to have fetuses w
出处
《中华围产医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2015年第5期339-342,共4页
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine
关键词
骨发育不全
骨疾病
发育性
鼻骨
异常核型
超声检查
产前
Dysostoses
Bone diseases,developmental
Nasal bone
Abnormal karyotype
Ultrasonography,prenatal
