1Roger BF, Christopher DK,Margarete CR,et al.Sex,gender and pain: A review of recent clinical and experimental findings[J].J Pain,2009,10(5):44724-44851. 被引量：1
2Rathmell JP, Pino CA,Taylor R,et al.Intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia: A randomised,controlled,dose-ranging study after hip and knee arthroplasty[J].Anesth Analg,2003,97(5): 1452-1457. 被引量：1
3Gehling M,Tryba M.Risks and side-effects ofintrathecal morphine combined with spinal anaesthesia: a meta-analysis[J].Anaesthesia, 2009,64(2):643-651. 被引量：1
2GAGLIESE L,WEIZBLIT N,ELLIS W,et al.The measurement of postoperative pain:a comparison of intensity scales in younger and older surgical patients[J].Pain,2005,117(3):412-420. 被引量：1
3KEHLET H.Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation[J].Br J Anaesth,1997,78(5):606-617. 被引量：1
4HONG D,FLOOD P,DIAZ G.The side effects of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia[J].Anesth Analg,2008,107(4):1384-1389. 被引量：1
5DUARTE LT,FERMANDES MDO C,COSTA W.The incidence of postoperative respiratory depression in patients undergoing intravenous or epidural analgesia with opioids[J].Rev Bras Anestesiol,2009,59(4):409-420. 被引量：1
6BOWDLE T A.Adverse effects of opioid agonists-antagonists in anaesthesia[J].Drug Saf,1998,19(3):173-189. 被引量：1
