摘要
20世纪以来,在国家主权和人权的不断博弈中,有关击落民用航空器的国际法规则朝着人本化的方向发展。纵观历史上诸多错误击落事件,其罪魁祸首无外乎缺乏击落民用航空器的统一规则。国家击落民用航空器的基本原则必须以严格航空保安为大前提、以拦截并清楚识别民用航空器为小前提,并以用尽一切和平手段和民用航空器对国家安全构成实际威胁为充分必要条件。而民用航空器只有在被滥用于严重刑事犯罪或国际犯罪,且该航空器拒绝服从拦截指令,并对地面国国家安全构成实际威胁的情形下,方可击落。击落应遵循法定五步骤,击落方还要承担相应的法律责任。惟此,"9·11"后各国击落有恐怖袭击嫌疑飞机的行为才能步入法治和人权的轨道。
Since 20th century, in the continuing struggle between sovereign states and human rights, International rules on shooting down civil aircrafts have been humanizing - oriented. Reflecting on a series of mistaken shooting down incidents in history, the top reason is lacking uniform rules on shooting down civil air- crafts. The shooting should be governed by fundamental principles as follows： the major premise is safeguarding aviation security stricdy, the minor premise is intercepting and identifying civil aircraft clearly, the necessary and sufficient condition is all practicable peaceful means have been exhausted, as well as the aircraft consti- tutes an actual and imminent threat to state＇ s security. Only under the circumstances of the civil aircraft being misused in serious criminal crimes or international crimes, refusing to comply with instructions of interceptors with no apparent reason, together with actually and imminently threatening the state security of the ground state, make the shooting down legal and reasonable. Shooting must follow five - steps which should be set forth in law, while the shooter would undertake legal responsibility correspondingly. Only by doing so,would state＇ s shooting down aircrafts suspected of terrorist attack be in compliance with the rule of law and international hu- man rights law.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期101-113,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
作者主持的2010年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“反恐中对民用航空器使用武器法律问题研究”(项目批准号10YJC820140)的阶段性成果
关键词
民用航空器
击落规则
国际法
国际民用航空公约
拦截
civil aircraft
Rules of Shooting Down
International law
Convention on International Civil Aviation
intercept
