摘要
人工智能科技与船舶自主航行技术发展背景下,无人船投入规模化商业使用成为能够预见的趋势。海难救助作为一项古老的海商法律制度,在适用于不配备船员的无人船时会产生无法避免的法律冲突。现行法律对无人船是否配备救生设备未作出明确规定,出于保障海上人命安全和船舶航行安全的双重需要,无人船仍需配备救生设备。针对无人船从事海上人命救助情形,要综合考虑技术发展以及无人船的特殊性等因素,明确承担海上人命救助义务的主体,制定针对海上人命救助具体不同阶段的技术规则或规范。针对无人船参与的海上财产救助情形,应当在涉及无人船信息交互、沟通和深度学习等技术方面予以法律规制。只有加强国际合作达成共识,推动无人船技术升级与创新,完善已有海难救助法律制度,才能实现科技进步与法律发展之间的和谐共进。
Under the background of the development of artificial intelligence and autonomous navigation technology,the large-scale commercial use of autonomous surface ships has become a foreseeable trend.As an ancient legal system,maritime salvage will face unavoidable conflicts with law when applied to autonomous surface ships.Current law does not clearly stipulate whether autonomous surface ships are equipped with life-saving equipment,and autonomous surface ships still need to be equipped with life-saving equipment for the dual needs of ensuring the safety of human life at sea and the safety of ship navigation.Based on above mentioned,further analysis of the legal and technical obstacles that autonomous surface ships may face in the salvage are conducted.In view of the situation where autonomous surface ships engage in the rescue of human life at sea,it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as technological development and the particularity of autonomous surface ships,clarify the subject that undertakes the obligation to rescue human life at sea,and formulate technical rules or norms for the specific different stages of life rescue at sea.In view of the situation where autonomous surface ships engage in saving property,legal regulations shall be made in terms of technologies involving information exchange,communication and deep learning of artificial intelligence.Only by strengthening international cooperation and reaching consensus,promoting the upgrading and innovation of unmanned ship technology,and improving the existing legal system of maritime salvage,the harmonious progress between technological progress and legal development can be achieved.
作者
郭萍
徐房茹
Guo Ping;Xu Fangru
出处
《中山大学法律评论》
2021年第2期3-29,共27页
Sun Yatsen University Law Review
基金
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)自主科研项目“无人船舶和海洋无人设备相关法律问题研究”(SML-2020SP005)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
无人船
国际海上人命安全公约
海难救助
人命救助
财产救助
Autonomous Surface Ships
International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea
Salvage at Sea
Life Rescue
Property Salvage
