摘要
宪法对领土的调整和保护着重于领土原则的确立,主要包括领土的完整性、排他性和人民自决三大基本原则。领土完整性原则的内涵主要有领土组成部分的完整性、领土权利与权力的统一性、领土与领土上的资源不可分割性和领土与领土上人民的不可分离性。领土的排他性原则作为一项古老的国际法原则,在19世纪被各国宪法普遍接受,主要包括领土主权的排他性和领土权力的排他性等内涵。人民自决原则在20世纪20年代左右才成为宪法上的一个新兴的领土原则。它最初只是选择民主的方式决定部分领土归属的一种方法,后来演变为国际法上的一个决定领土归属的原则,最终被众多国家的宪法所确认,但同时被赋予了不同的涵义。就现代宪法的规定来看,它已经由一个领土独立自治原则演变为领土变更的限制原则。这些宪法原则,都应当成为我国宪法对领土保护的基本原则,以示我国对外反对领土侵略、对内反对领土分裂的坚定意志。
The regulation and protection on territory in constitution emphasize the establishment of territo- rial principles, which include three main general principles： principles of territorial integrity, excludability and self - determination of peoples. The connotations of principle of territorial integrity primarily consist of： integri- ty of the components of territory, unity of title and fight to territory, inalienability of territory and its sources, in- separability of territory and peoples on it. And the principle of territorial excludability, as a centuries - old prin- ciple in international law, was widely accepted by constitutions of countries all over the world, mainly including connotations such as the excludability of territorial sovereignty and of fight to territory. Moreover, the emerging territorial principle, self - determination of peoples, bad never been a constitutional territorial principle until the 1920s. At first it was just a democratic way of determining ownership of some parts of territory, but later became an ownership -determination principle in international law, and has finally been accepted by constitutions of numerous states, meanwhile vested with various connotations. According to stipulations in modern constitutions, the principle of self - determination of peoples has transformed from self - determination of territory to restrictions on territorial alteration. All these constitutional principles above shall be adopted by our constitution as general principles for protecting our territory, so that our strong wills against external invasion and internal sep- aratism could be manifested.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期81-93,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
领土原则
完整性
排他性
人民自决
Tterritorial Principle
Integrity
Excludability
Self - determination of Peoples
