摘要
近期各国与国际机构的立法与司法实践再一次凸现了主权豁免问题的重要意义。在准确把握当前状况的基础上,结合中国在强国之路上的方向选择与利益界定,确立中国对于主权豁免的基本态度和具体模式,对于中国深度参与国际合作具有重要的方向确立和实践指引意义。从各国立法与司法实践的基本趋势以及国际立法实践的导向上看,限制豁免将会成为国家豁免的主流模式。而从很多学者所倡导的国际法人本化的立场而言,绝对豁免的主张更多地带有前现代国际关系的痕迹,而不符合全球治理时代的要求。限制豁免、并在未来的发展中缩小豁免的空间是可以判定的主权豁免在国际法治进程中的伦理选择。中国在以往的涉外法律实践中总体坚持绝对豁免立场,但也在一些国内立法和国际条约中体现了不同的态度。从绝对豁免的模式转换到限制豁免的机制,不仅更有利于体现中国在国际法上与时俱进的精神,也更有益于维护中国自身的利益。
A series of law - making and judicial practices related to sovereign immunity by states and in- ternational organizations shows the significance of this issue. It is of great importance to understand the norm on sovereign immunity by grasping the orientation of state immunity not just by states but also by international or- helpful for China to participate deeper in international cooperation as well as an orientation of understanding and practices that China finds a proper attitude and applicable mode of legislation towards sovereignty immunity accompanied with the choice of position and the definition of interest on the way of being a super - power. Viewing the practical trend and legislative orientation of the states, it is safe to conclude that restricted immuni- ty may be the mainstream of international law in this field. And by the standing of humanization of international law supported by many scholars, we may say that absolute immunity still bears many factors of pre - modern era, and does not meet the requirement of global governance in the era of globalization. To restricted immunity, and further to minimize the room and conditions of immunity is a desirable choice in the sense of ethics in international relations. China, in the past practices related to litigation cases, sticked to absolute immunity, but also made alternative choices in some domestic legislations and participation of international negotiation on trea- ties. To shift her position from absolute immunity to restricted immunity is not only good for China to demon- strate her image as a respondent state favoring rule of law, but also good for protecting her own interest in international transactions.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期64-80,共17页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目(国际法治论13FFX037)
吉林大学青年学术领袖项目(国际法的中国理论)的支持
关键词
主权豁免
国际法
中国
Sovereignty Immunity
Iinternational Law
China
