摘要
目的观察涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触儿童感染发病情况,探讨儿童感染者预防性治疗方法。方法将涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触儿童与非涂阳肺结核患者密切接触儿童感染发病情况进行比较,对儿童感染者分组给予6H、12H、3HR、2HRZ等4种不同的方案进行预防性治疗,随访观察10年发病情况。结果涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触儿童感染率为63.6%,非涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触儿童感染率为10.4%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童结核感染者预防性治疗组完成治疗率达85%以上,经10年随访患病率为2.2%(4/182),4种方案平均药物不良反应发生率为8.6%。儿童结核感染者非预防性治疗组患病率达45.2%(47/104),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触儿童属于结核病高危人群。早期发现涂阳肺结核患者并给予正规的抗结核治疗,积极动员其家庭成员尤其是儿童及时进行结核病筛查,是结核病管理的一个重要环节。儿童感染者预防性治疗可减少95.1%的结核病发病,是一种可靠预防结核感染的方法,在总体减轻结核病的影响可起到关键性作用。
Objective To observe the tuberlucosis incidence of children in close contacts family with smear positivepulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） patients, and to discuss preventive treatment for the infected patients. Methods Thetuberlucosis incidence in children in close contact family with smear PTB patients were compared with that of children withoutclose contact with the family of smear positive PTB patients. And the infected children were divided into four groups to givefour different preventive treatments included 6H, 12 H, 3HR and 2HRZ. And the clildren were followed-up for 10 years andobserved. Results The incidence of children in close contact family with smear positive PTB patients was 63.6%, and thatof children without close contact was 10.4%, showing significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）. The completionrate of treatment in the preventive treatment groups was more than 85.0%, the incidence was 2.2%（4/182） after 10- year-follow-up. The average incidence of drug adverse reaction in children with the 4 schemes was 8.6%. The incidence in non-preventive treatment group in the children in close contacts was 45.2%（47/104）, and that of preventive treatment group was2.2%, showing significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Children in close contact with the smearpositive PTB patients belong to the high risk population of tuberculosis. Measures be adopted such as early detection of thepatients with smear positive PTB, regular anti-tuberculosis treatment, TB screening in time in the family members especiallychildren. Preventive treatment among childeren with tuberculosis can decrease the incidence by 95.1%, which might play a keyrole in the overall reduction of affecting of tuberculosis.
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2015年第1期67-69,共3页
China Tropical Medicine
关键词
结核
肺
密切接触者
预防性治疗
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Children in close contacts
Preventive treatment
