摘要
为筛选出适合当地日光温室辣椒的栽培基质,以‘陇椒3号’辣椒为试材,以腐熟的作物秸秆、羊粪、牛粪、菇渣为主要原料,复配草炭、蛭石、河沙,按照不同体积比制成8种不同配方栽培基质,以当地传统基质和商品基质作为对照,研究不同配方基质的理化性状以及对辣椒品质和产量的影响。结果表明:配方G(玉米秆:牛粪:草炭:蛭石:河沙=2:3.5:1:1:2.5)、配方H(玉米秆:牛粪:草炭:河沙=2:3.5:1:3.5)、配方J(玉米秆:牛粪:草炭:蛭石:河沙:菇渣=2:2.5:1:1:2.5:1)基质具有优良的理化性状,其EC、容重、孔隙度、气水比均在最适范围内,通气和持水能力强;并且这3种基质栽培的辣椒果实可溶性糖和Vc含量高,硝酸盐含量符合国家蔬菜标准,品质优异,产量分别为60492.06、59809.52、56939.68 kg/hm2,显著高于传统基质(配方A)。综上所述,G、H、J配方基质理化性状优良,辣椒果实品质良好、产量高,同时以农业废弃物和河沙为主要原料,成本较低,可在当地推广使用。
The study aimed to provide theoretical and technical basis for the local pepper culture in solargreenhouse by screening different substrate formulas. Using‘Longjiao No.3＇pepper as test material, eightdifferent substrate formulas was made by adding the different volume ratios of the fermented straw, sheepmanure, cattle manure, mushroom residue, peat, vermiculite and river sand. The local traditional andcommodity substrate were used as control to study the physical and chemical properties of different substrateformula and their effect on pepper fruit quality and yield. The results indicated that the formula G（corn stalk：cattle manure： peat： vermiculite： river sand=2：3.5：1：1：2.5）, H（cornstalk： cattle manure： peat： river sand= 2：3.5：1：3.5）, J（cornstalk： cattle manure： peat： vermiculite： river sand： mushroom residue= 2：2.5：1：1：2.5：1） showedexcellent air capacity and water retention. The EC, bulk density, total porosity and the air water ratio were inoptimum range; the quality of pepper fruit was excellent. The higher soluble sugar and Vc content and lowernitrate content was found in pepper fruit that planted in formula G, H and J. The yield of pepper planted informula G, H and J was 60492.06, 59809.52 and 56939.68 kg/hm^2, respectively, significantly higher than thatof pepper planted in formula A（traditional substrate）. In summary, G, H and J formulation substrate exhibitedexcellent physical and chemical properties, good fruit quality and high yield, while the main raw material wasfrom low cost agricultural waste and sand. Therefore, these three substrate formulations can be suitable for local extension.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第10期63-68,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)专项"西北非耕地园艺作物栽培基质优化配制技术与产业化示范"(201203001)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金"国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系"(CARS-25-C-07)
关键词
辣椒
基质配方
理化性状
品质
产量
pepper
substrate formula
physical and chemical properties
quality
yield
