摘要
强制性自救债是问题银行所持有、在强制核销股权仍不能弥补其损失时被处置当局强制核销和转为股权的债务工具,其目的是实现银行自救,从而避免或减少使用纳税人的钱救助银行。为及时弥补银行损失,尽快使银行或者其关键部分能够继续经营,自救债应尽可能在银行尚未达到破产标准前启动。为了增加银行吸收损失的能力,自救债的范围应包括存款在内的债务工具,除非有法定的例外,如存款保险限额内的存款、担保债务等。自救债是强制核销尚未进入破产清算程序的银行股东的股权和债权人的债权,有侵犯私权之嫌疑,所以必须辅之以事前和事后的司法救济。自救债的有效实施,尚需证券法、公司法等的配套修改以及与域外法律的协调。
Statutory bail-in debts are those used for the write-down of equity or claims or conversion of claims to equity of a problem bank by the resolution authority for the purpose of self-saving the bank itself and avoiding or reducing the use of taxpayers＇ money to bail out the bank.In order to timely absorb the losses of a bank and enable the bank or its critical functions to continue as usual,bail-in debts should be triggered before the bank reaches the point of insolvency.The scope of bail-in debts should be wide to the extent possible to include deposits,unless being legally excluded,e.g.deposits covered by a deposit insurance scheme and secured claims,to increase a bank＇s loss-absorbing capacity.By definition,bail-in debt is a process whereby a bank＇s equity and claims are wiped out mandatorily before the bank goes into insolvency proceedings,which might violate private rights.For this reason,both ex ante and ex post judicial remedy must be in place.For the bail-in tool to be effective,reforms of relevant laws such as company law and securities law and harmonization with foreign laws should be carried out.
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第2期82-91,共10页
Modern Law Science
基金
教育部2011年度哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"国际金融中心法制环境研究"(11JZD009)
关键词
自救债
破产程序
债转股
bail-in debt
insolvency proceedings
conversion of claims to equity
