摘要
采用熔融纺丝技术制备聚氯乙烯（PVC）初生纤维,经过75~95℃水浴拉伸3~8倍制得PVC纤维,研究了不同增塑剂含量的PVC体系的流变性和热稳定性,通过X射线衍射和小角X射线散射分析了拉伸条件对PVC纤维结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明：PVC熔体符合＂切力变稀＂行为;增塑剂加入量越多,PVC分子间作用力越小,PVC熔体流动性越好,PVC体系热稳定性较好;PVC纤维后处理工艺拉伸倍数越大,PVC纤维结晶长周期越小,取向诱导新的结晶结构出现,分子间作用力增大,PVC纤维的强度越大;相同拉伸倍数下,后拉伸温度越高,PVC纤维强度越大;适宜PVC体系配方为PVC与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯及邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的质量比为100∶40∶20,其他添加剂若干,此配方的PVC初生纤维在95℃水浴中拉伸8倍,所得的纤维其断裂强度为1.04 c N/dtex,断裂伸长率35.78%。
Polyvinyl chloride（ PVC） as-spun fiber was prepared by melt spinning process and was drawn into PVC fiber at 3-8 time in water at 75- 95 ℃. The rheological behavior and thermal stability of PVC system containing different amounts of plasticizer were studied. The effect of drawing conditions on the structure and mechanical properties of PVC fiber was analyzed by Xray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results showed that PVC melt had the shear thinning behavior; the interaction between PVC molecules became smaller and the flowability of PVC melt and the thermal stability of the PVC system were both better while increasing the plasticizer amount; the higher the draw ratio of PVC fiber was during the after-processing process,the shorter the crystallization long period was; the molecule interaction was stronger and the strength of PVC fiber was higher as the orientation induced the formation of new crystalline structure; the higher the after-drawing temperature was,the higher the strength of PVC fiber was at the same draw ratio; and the obtained fiber had the breaking strength of 1. 04 c N / dtex and elongation at break of 35. 78% as the PVC system contained PVC,dioctyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate at the mass ratio of 100 ∶40∶20 and the PVC as-spun fiber was drawn at 8 time in 95 ℃ water.
出处
《合成纤维工业》
CAS
2015年第2期7-11,共5页
China Synthetic Fiber Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51373027)
辽宁省教育厅一般项目(LR2012017)
关键词
聚氯乙烯纤维
熔融纺丝
增塑剂
流变性能
力学性能
结构
结晶
polyvinyl chloride fiber
melt spinning
plasticizer
rheological behavior
mechanical property
structure
crystallization
