摘要
为确定河北保定地区磷肥投入阈值,提高肥料利用效率,以冬小麦为研究对象进行大田试验,研究了磷肥施用对小麦产量、土壤硝态氮含量及氮素利用的影响.结果表明：与不施磷肥（P0）相比,优化施磷（P1,120 kg·hm-2）、200%优化施磷（P2,240 kg·hm-2）和400%优化施磷（P3,480 kg·hm-2）处理均能增加小麦株高、旗叶面积和单株叶面积,有利于光合产物的积累.施用磷肥显著提高了冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量,但千粒重有所下降.其中,以P2处理小麦产量最高,为6102 kg·hm-2,显著高于P0和P3处理,但与P1处理差异不显著.施用磷肥可有效降低耕层土壤硝态氮的积累量,但0~100 cm土体总积累量仍然偏高,可通过降低氮肥施入等方法减少土壤硝态氮含量.P1和P2处理冬小麦的氮素生产效率、氮素吸收效率均较高,但两者间并无显著差异.P1处理的磷肥利用率、磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力显著高于P2和P3处理.本试验条件下,施磷量为120 kg·hm-2（P1）是兼顾小麦产量、氮磷利用效率和较低土壤硝态氮累积的适宜施磷量.
In order to evaluate the threshold of phosphorus （P） application rate and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers in Baoding region of Hebei Province, a field experiment was con- ducted to examine the impacts of P fertilization on wheat yield, soil NO3--N and nitrogen use effi- ciency. Results showed that, compared with the CK （P0）, all treatments with P application （P1, 120 kg· hm-2; P2, 240 kg· hm-z and P3, 480 kg · hm-2） increased the plant height, flag leaf areas and total leaf areas per plant of winter wheat, which was conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products. In addition, P application increased the spike number, kernels per spike and yield of winter wheat but slightly decreased the grain mass per 1000 seeds. Of the P-fertilized treatments, P2 had the highest wheat yield of 6102 kg · hm-2, which was similar to P~ but signifi- cantly greater than those of P0 and P3- Furthermore, P fertilization reduced the NO3--N content in top soil layer although the total accumulation of NO3 - was still rather high. The N grain production efficiencies （GPEN ） and N uptake effieiencies （UEN ） of P1 and P2 were similar but greater than the other treatments. The use efficiency （ URp ） , agronomic efficiency （ AEp ） and partial productiv- ity of P fertilizer （PFPp） in P1 were significantly greater than P2 and P3＂ In conclusion, the P application rate of 120 kg · hm-2 （ P1 ） in this study could be an appropriate threshold in Baoding, Hebei, from the aspects of wheat yield, nitrogen and phosphate use efficiencies and accumulation of soil NO3-.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期437-442,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014)资助
关键词
磷肥
冬小麦
产量
土壤硝态氮
氮素利用效率
phosphorus fertilization
winter wheat
grain yield
soil NO3-N
nitrogen use efficiency.
