摘要
中国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一,正着力开展改善生态环境、保持和提升土壤质量、实现可持续发展的水土保持工作。本文分析了水土保持和土壤质量的内涵,以我国水土流失治理典范工程为例综述了水土流失状况、水土保持措施及其土壤质量改良效应,同时分析总结了国内外保护性耕作的土壤质量效应,有助于更深入认识水土流失的严重性、土壤资源和生态环境的重要性、水土保持对保护土壤资源的重要作用。最后归纳总结了目前水土保持措施与土壤质量研究中存在的问题及今后要深化的研究内容:(1)土壤质量评价方法与标准化;(2)水土流失防控主导因子及关联研究;(3)水土保持学与基础理论研究。全文旨在为合理布设水土保持措施、科学进行农业生产和管理、更全面和客观评价治理效果提供参考依据。
Natural conditions and human activities can induce severe soil and water losses,which results in the worldwide soil degeneration and ecological depravation.China is among the nations that are most seriously affected by the problem.Thus,the Chinese government has devoted much attention to the water and soil conservation (SWC)in recent decades.To a certain degree,the efforts have reduced the soil erosion,improved the environment, maintained and promoted the soil quality, and ensured a sustainable development. Nonetheless, further improvement is needed.This article introduces the critical concept of SWC and soil quality,as well as the biological, engineering and tillage measures to alleviate the losses.The soil quality,which encompasses visual,physical, chemical and biological aspects,is explained.Furthermore,the degree of soil erosion and SWC measures and their restoration and improvement effects on soil quality were reviewed.Three representative SWC projects,i.e.,the World Bank Loan Loess Plateau Rehabilitation Project,the Zhuxi Watershed Project in Eroded Red Soil Area in Fujian,and the Soil Erosion Control in Typical Eroded Black Soil Area in Northeast China,are presented for illustration.The effects of conservation tillage on soil have been analyzed for further understanding of the various issues associated with the loss of soil and water,the resource and ecology,as well as the conservation.In conclusion,directions for future research in the following specific areas were suggested:(1 ) methods and standardization of soil quality evaluation;(2)studies on key factors for effective SWC;(3)fundamentals of SWC. This paper aims to provide important references for traditional layout of SWC measures,scientific agricultural production and management,and comprehensive and objective evaluation of effects of soil erosion control.
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第1期98-105,共8页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
福建省科技重大专项(2012NZ0002)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B15)
关键词
水土流失
水土保持
土壤质量
soil erosion
soil and water conservation
soil quality
