摘要
为了研究近距离煤层覆岩移动和离层发育规律,通过相似材料模拟试验,模拟了近距离煤层下行开采时覆岩移动过程;应用数字图像相关法对位移测点进行测量,获得了测点位移数据;应用聚类分析对测点进行分类,得出受采动影响的三带的具体范围。分析了测点的位移过程,得出测点位移特点具有连续性和突变性;采动影响范围的扩展特点为横向扩展、纵向延伸;下煤层开采时岩层最大位移点滞后工作面的距离缩短;上煤层开采时的离层量转化为下煤层开采时的垮落量。分析了离层扩展,得出离层扩展方向为横向扩展、纵向延伸,经历了发育—扩张—突变—闭合的过程;发现行、列测线离层率曲线均呈双驼峰状。对行测线,分析了离层率曲线成因和峰值点大小关系、位置变化,得出上部岩层相对下部岩层峰值点内错,峰值点位于断裂线附近,波谷位于采空区中部;对于列测线离层率曲线,得出峰值点为离层位置,峰值点左侧为离层闭合区,右侧为离层发育区,峰值点右侧波谷为关键层位置,峰值点随煤层开采不连续右移,具有跳跃性。给出了来压时刻的判别方法,发现采动影响区测点位移曲线上存在外包络线;给出关键层的识别方法,得出下煤层开采时关键层位置上移。
In order to study the law of overburden rock movement and bed separation development in close distance coal seams,the movement of overburden rock when downward mining of close distance coal seams is simulated through similar material simulation experiment. The digital image correlation method is applied to measure displacement points and obtain displacement data of the measured points. The cluster analysis is used to classify the measured points and obtain the specific scope of the three zones under mining influence. According to the analysis on the displacement process of measured point,it has a feature of conti-nuity and mutability. The expansion of the mining influence scope is in lateral spreading and vertical extension;When lower coal seam is explored,the maximal displacement point is behind the shortening distance of working face. Bed separation during upper coal seam mining is transformed into caving at lower coal seam mining. By analyzing the extension of the bed separation,it is con-cluded that the direction of the bed separation is in vertical and horizontal extension,and experiences the process of development-expansion-mutation-close. It is found that the bed separation rate curve of the row and column survey line is in double-humped shape. On row survey line,the causes for bed-separation rate curve,peak point size relations,and position change are analyzed,it is concluded that the peak point of the upper rock stratum are in internal displacement with that the lower rock stratum,the peak point nears to the fracture line,and the trough is located in the middle of goaf. From bed separation rate curve of the column sur-vey line,it is obtained that the peak point is in bed separation. The closed area of bed separation is on the left of peak,and the development area is on the right. The trough on the right side of peak point is the position of key stratum;Peaks discontinuously moves and leaps to the right with coal seam mining. The discriminant method for weighting moment is given,finding that outer en-velo
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第1期10-15,共6页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51104084)
关键词
近距离煤层
覆岩移动
聚类分析
数字图像相关
离层
关键层
Close-distance coal seams
Overburden rock movement
Cluster analysis
Digital image correlation
Bed sepa-ration
Key stratum
