摘要
1928年,国民政府试行包括立法院在内的五院体制。立法院的定位直接源于孙中山的宪法思想,是五权宪法的核心矛盾之一。孙中山并未完全否定立法院之国会地位;国民政府时期也未将立法委员彻底"去民意代表化",立法院在一定程度上仍包含"代议机关"的因子,且在制宪过程中其代表性有增强的趋势;立法院仍相对独立地行使国会的核心权力。立法院作为独立的治权机关,事实上仍保有国会核心的权力:立法权、议决宪法草案之权力、预算权、质询权与重大事项同意权。但是,立法院职权的行使受到其他权力机关的限制,其与欧美典型国会相较,并非完整、唯一之代议机关,除立法院外,国民大会与监察院在代表性与职权上均有国会之性质。
In 1928,the Nationalist government tried to implement a system of Five Yuan or departments,including the Legislative Yuan.The orientation of the Legislative Yuan originated directly from Dr Sun Yat-Sen's thinking on the constitution and was one of the contradictions at the heart of the Five-Power Constitution.Sun Yat-Sen had not completely rejected the parliamentary role of the Legislative Yuan,nor did its members completely'lose their identities as representatives of the public will'under the Nationalist government,so the Legislative Yuan remained to some extent a representative organ,with a role that tended to be reinforced during the constitutional process.It still exercised core parliament powers in a relatively independent way:legislative power,power to discuss and pass the draft Constitution,budgetary power,power to conduct inquiries,and power of assent to important issues.Compared with the classic parliaments of Europe and America,however,the Legislative Yuan cannot be seen as a complete or the only representative organ,for the exercise of its powers was restricted by other governmental bodies.In addition to the Legislative Yuan,the National Assembly and the Control Yuan had the nature of a parliament in terms of their representativeness and their powers.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第6期147-164,192,共18页
Historical Research
基金
"北京高等学校青年英才计划项目"(项目编号YETP0144)的支持
