摘要
清华简《说命》形容傅说状貌时用了"鹃肩女惟"一词。对"鹃肩"之解释,人各异说。通过对简文""和"鸢"从甲金文、战国简文以及声韵上的关系比较论证,确定"鹃肩"即古文献中的"鸢肩"。以鸢肩喻人之状貌,是着眼于鸢鸱双翅收敛时高出颈椎的形象,与荀子形容傅说"身如植鳍"形状同义。因为""字甲骨文从"戈",后世隶变成,故又误作"戴肩"等词,以字形和声韵贯穿求证,均可迎刃而解。"鸢肩"一词在先秦已被形容为一种贪婪的恶相,但秦汉以后则被相术书和史家用为圣人之相,使人不明所以。清华简《说命》傅说"鸢肩如椎"一词出,使我们找到了秦汉而下以"鸢肩"形容圣人殊相说法的源头,进而更顺利、清晰地解释出一系列原被误解的词汇。
The word'juan jian'(cuckoo shoulder)was used to describe the appearance of Fu Yue in the piece'Shuo Ming'of the bamboo slips at Qinghua University,and there have been various interpretations of the word.Through the comparative demonstration of'yuan'on the bamboo slips and'yuan'(kite)from the scriptures on oracle bones,bronze vessels,and bamboo slips,as well as the phonological relation between the two,it can be confirmed that'juan jian'is in fact'yuan jian'(kite shoulder).To compare the appearance of a person to the kite shoulder lies in the image of the kite's wings being higher that its spine,which is the same as Xunzi describing Fu Yue as'his body is like erect fins'.The word'yuan jian'was used to describe a kind of greedy and evil countenance in the pre-Qin period,but was used to describe the appearance of the sage by historians since the Qin and Han Dynasties.The word emerging in the bamboo slips at Qinghua University leads to a new understanding of describing the appearance of the sage as'kite shoulder',and thus allows us to more clearly and correctly interpret words that had previously been misunderstood.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期128-136,167,共9页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
