摘要
目的测定和分析2013年同一生长季大豆和烟草上大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines,SCN)的群体动态和世代发生特点,探讨2种作物对大豆孢囊线虫的寄主适合性差异和温湿度等气象条件对线虫发生的可能影响。方法采取"Zig-Zag"取样法对同一地点2种作物上的大豆孢囊线虫每隔6—8 d同时取样,用淘洗-过筛法和贝曼漏斗法分离土壤中线虫,用次氯酸钠-酸性品红染色法对根组织中线虫染色,镜检并计数。统计作物生长季每旬100 g土壤和10 g根组织中各虫态的数量,即群体密度。结果在大豆和烟草土壤中,大豆孢囊线虫2龄幼虫均出现于4月7日至9月15日,最大群体密度均发生在7月下旬,之前分别有2个和1个不明显发生高峰;白色雌虫最早均于6月3日出现,其群体密度在大豆土壤中于7月中旬和8月中旬有2个明显的发生高峰,而在烟草土壤中仅于6月份有1个较低水平的高峰阶段;孢囊群体密度均于7月中旬达到最大,之后在大豆土壤中一直保持较高水平,而在烟草土壤中逐渐下降到极低水平。在大豆和烟草根组织中,2龄幼虫最早均出现在5月19日,其群体密度在大豆根组织中出现3个明显高峰,分别发生在5月下旬、6月下旬和7月中旬,而在烟草根组织中出现2个高峰,分别发生在5月中旬和6月下旬,前一高峰不明显;3—4龄幼虫最早分别出现在5月26日和5月19日,最大群体密度均发生在6月下旬,但在5月下旬和7月中下旬在大豆根组织中另有2个较不明显的发生高峰;年轻雌虫最早均于5月26日出现在根组织中。该生长季大豆孢囊线虫在大豆和烟草上的繁殖系数(Rf=Pf/Pi)分别为5.0和0.5。7月上旬之后,大豆孢囊线虫在大豆上继续发生侵入和根内发育,而在烟草上再无侵入,却有许多半埋生根内的空瘪小的褐色孢囊产生。结论在同一生长季,大豆孢囊线虫在大豆上发生3代,而在烟草上只发生2代;大豆孢囊线虫在大�
[Objective] The objective of this study is to observe and analyze the characteristics of population dynamics and generation cycle of Heterodera glycines （SCN） on soybean and tobacco in the same growing season of 2013, and explore the host suitability of the two host crops and the possible influences of temperature/humidity conditions on occurrence of H. glycines.[Method] H. glycines samples were simultaneously and periodically collected with “Zig-Zag” sampling method and at a time 〈br〉 interval of 6-8 d from the two crop fields in the same and fixed location. The nematodes were extracted from soil with elutriation-sieving and Baermann funnel techniques, were stained in root with sodium hypochlorite-acid fuchsin staining technique, and examined and counted under microscope. The number of each H. glycines stage in 100 g of soil or 10 g of root, population density （PD）, was calculated for every ten days period in the growing season.[Result] In soybean and tobacco soil, the 2nd stage juvenile of H. glycines emerged both from April 7 to September 15, and the maximum PD occurred both in late July, but before which there were two and one unconspicuous occurrence climax, respectively. The white female first appeared in both soil on June 3, the PD of which obviously peaked two times in soybean soil in middle July and middle August, respectively, and only had one climax period of lower level in tobacco soil in June. The cyst PD peaked in both soil in middle July, afterwards it constantly maintained a relatively high level in soybean soil but declined gradually to a very low level in tobacco soil. In soybean and tobacco root, the 2nd stage juvenile first appeared both on May 19, the PD of which had three obvious peaks in soybean root occurring in late May, late June and middle July, but had only two peaks in tobacco root in middle May and late June with the former one being not obvious. The 3rd-4th stage juvenile first occurred in soybean and tobacco root on May 26 and May 19, respectively, the maximum PD oc
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第22期4417-4425,共9页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503114)
中国烟草总公司科技项目(110200902065)
山东省"泰山学者"建设工程专项
关键词
大豆孢囊线虫
大豆
烟草
群体动态
世代循环
寄主适合性
Heterodera glycines
Glycine max
Nicotiana tobacum
population dynamics
generation cycles
host suitability
