摘要
受气候变化和人类活动的影响,三江源生态系统脆弱且退化严重,为保护日益退化严重的三江源生态系统,2005年国家在三江源地区实施了全面的生态保护战略。结合森的能力框架和马斯洛层次需要理论探讨了福祉的内涵,构建了福祉评价体系,运用参与式农村评估方法,在对黄河源头玛多县159户牧民进行住户问卷调研的基础上,用模糊评价法和层次分析法确定权重,评价了玛多牧民参与生态保护前后的福祉变化。结果表明:(1)自然资源保护中人类福祉的内涵,指人类在生态系统生产和利用中为实现美好的生活、健康、体验、各种社会关系、归属感、尊重和实现自我价值等而选择各种生活的自由和能力即是人类福祉,贫穷指能力和发展的受限即福祉的下降。(2)福祉是多维的、递阶的,低阶的功能维度的实现程度将影响到高阶的功能维度的实现,并最终影响个体的福祉。(3)玛多牧民在参与生态保护移民中个体的能力值由5.061变为4.708,即福祉受到了一定程度的损失,是因生计能力的限制,致使收入和消费的低阶需求未能有效满足,并影响了生活实现和自我价值的实现、归属感等高阶功能的实现,更是由于在参与生态保护移民中不能选择继续生活在草原,能力和发展权受到了限制,进而导致福祉下降,是生计能力不足导致的收入贫困、知识性贫困和生态型贫困的综合结果。(4)聚焦只能强烈依赖于草地生态系统放牧而生存的牧民的福祉,了解并深入分析牧民的生态保护行为响应机制和动力,建立福祉损失和牧户生计能力提高为基础的科学的生态补偿机制才能实现生态保护和社会福祉均衡及最大化。(5)以提高人类能力为核心,促进牧民生计多样化以改善牧民的福祉和激励牧民主动积极地参与生态保护和建设,在可持续发展的综合理念下制定自然资源保护和管理规划,才能最�
Sanjiangyuan Region is the headstream area of three main rivers in Asia, i.e. Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancangjiang River （Mekong）. It is an important ecological barrier of the local and regional environmental security and sustainable development, not only for China but also for the southeastern Asian, In recent decades, however, grasslands in Sanjiangyuan Region were seriously disturbed or destroyed by both global climate change and human activities, which led to sharp decrease of nourishing capacity of source water and serious environmental problems of the lower reaches. Since 2005, Chinese government began to implement a series of activities, e.g. ‘Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project’ and ‘Ecological Migration Project’, in Sanjiangyuan Region to alleviate the situation of grassland degradation, and gradually restore and protect the ecological environment. The success of such projects in Sanjiangyuan Region depends largely on local herdsman＇s active response, support and participation,however, the herdsmen＇s well-being improved or nondecreased is the key to the effective implementation of ecological protection and herdsmen＇s participation willingness directly influences the accomplishment efficiency and sustainability of ecological protection.Based on the framework of Sen＇s function and Maslow＇s hierarchy of needs, this paper states the connotation of the well-being and constructs the evaluation system of well-being. The participatory rural appraisal methods were employed to survey the 159 herder household in Maduo County in the source region of the Yellow River. Based on the questionnaire survey, the fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weights, this paper evaluates the well-being of Maduo herdsman before and after they participated in the protection of natural resources, then analysis the behavior response. The results indicate： （1） The connotation of human well-being in the protection of natural resources is that the freedom and ability o
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第22期6767-6777,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
教育部人文社科青年项目(12YJCZH105)
教育部春晖计划(Z2012039)
国家社科基金项目(13CJY016)
国家自然科学基金项目(71373095
71341040)
湖北省高校优秀中青年科技创新团队(T201012)
关键词
牧民
自然资源保护响应
福祉
能力
玛多
herdsman
response of natural resources protection
well-being
capability
Maduo County
