摘要
养殖鱼类脂肪肝病,是困扰水产养殖业多年的广发性病害,虽经多年研究和防治实践,至今尚不能得到根本遏制。本文回顾了近年来在养殖鱼类脂肪肝研究领域的重要研究成果,从营养和饲料、养殖环境、鱼类生理特性、物种差异和遗传变异等5个方面系统总结了导致养殖鱼类肝脏脂肪过量累积的原因。在综述已有成果的基础上,分析了当前鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践中存在的可能误区,并结合自身多年在鱼类、哺乳动物和人类脂肪肝研究中的成果和经验,探讨了养殖鱼类脂肪肝发生的生物学机制,提出了"营养型脂肪肝"与"氧化型脂肪肝"的区分标准,揭示了当前鱼类脂肪肝防治的复杂性和困难性,并对今后鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践提出了具体的研究方向和防治策略。
Fatty liver is a physiological or pathological phenomenon and is commonly seen in farmed fish at present. Severe fatty liver in fish results in reduced growth and feed efficiency,impaired immune response and decreased nutritional quality. However,so far,people still don＇t know exactly the causes of fatty liver in farmed fish,and also have not found good solutions to eliminate fatty liver. The present article systemically reviews the results of fish fatty liver studies and has put forward some new perspectives to discuss the origins of fish fatty liver in the current aquaculture system. In the present review,five main causes of fatty liver in farmed fish are summarized： nutrition and formulated diet,environmental pollution,physiological process,species difference and genetic mutation. Among them,the unbalanced nutrients composition and excess energy intake,such as overfeeding,excess dietary lipid and carbohydrate contents,deficiency of vitamins which are needed to maintain normal lipid metabolism,are regarded as the principal causes of fish fatty liver.Beside,in some aquaculture regions,high amount of water contaminants,especially heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants（ POPs）,have been recently reported to contribute to the prevalence of fatty liver in farmed fish. The occurrence of fatty liver is also related to the gender and development of fish. For example,the change of fat content in liver of young and /or female fishes normally is more sensitive to dietary energy content than that in liver of older and /or male fishes. It is also noted that some fish species specifically deposit fat in liver,thus fish species difference should be considered in preventing fatty liver in farmed fish. Through reviewing the above results,the present article brings some new perspectives： 1） Most of fatty liver could be classified as＂nutritional fatty liver＂and＂oxidative fatty liver＂depending on the fatty liver symptom caused from nutrient unbalance or oxidative stress; 2） The common occurrence of fat
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第9期1628-1638,共11页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
国家"九七三"重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB138603)
国家自然科学基金(31272676/C190401)
上海自然科学基金(12ZR4008800)
关键词
养殖鱼类
脂肪肝
营养饲料
养殖环境
氧化应激
脂毒性
farmed fish
fatty liver
nutrition and feed
aquaculture environment
oxidative stress
lipotoxicity
