摘要
空间环境染污对航天器的影响是目前高可靠长寿命航天器设计时非常重要的问题之一.对于观测卫星、天文卫星、监测和跟踪卫星等航天器,低温探测器、低温光学系统,空间制冷器是重要的部件.因此空间环境和污染对制冷器的影响危及航天器的可靠性.非常薄的污染气体沉积膜能严重影响低发射率表面的发射率,由于发射率的增加使空间机械制冷器的低温热负荷增加10%～20%,导致辐射制冷器的温度升高,造成被冷却器件失效.介绍了一些控制污染的具体方法及控制污染敏感度物理学,讨论了一些与污染有关的物理现象.控制空间机械制冷器污染的方法是使用多层绝热或物理障板使空间制冷器与外部污染源进行隔离.控制辐射制冷器污染要从地面开始,在安装、装配、试验及与航天器集成过程中都要在清洁环境中进行.控制污染的方法是正确的结构设计,并必须尽量减少辐射制冷器对污染的敏感性.
Effects of the space environmental contamination on spacecraft is one of a very important issue for currentlyhigh reliability and high longevity. For observation satellites、astronomy satellites、monitoring and tracking satellites soon,cryogenic detectors,cryogenic optical systems and space cryogenerator are their major components. Therefor,the impactof the space environment and contamination on space cryogenerator would endanger the reliability of spacecraft. Verythin deposited films of contamination gases can significantly influence the emissivity of low emittance surface. Due to anincrease in emittance make cryogenic heat load increase of space mechanical cryogenerator 10%～20%,also lead to elevateradiant cryogenerator temperature and cause failure of the cooled device. Paper describes some of specific contaminationcontrol methods and the physics controlling contamination sensitivity,discuss a number of contamination- relatedphysical phenomena. Contamination methods of cryogenerator is that cryogenerator are carefully isolated from sources ofexternal contamination using multilayer insulation or physical barriers. Control contamination of radiant cryogeneratormust be start from the ground. During the installation,assembly,testing and integration process with spacecraft should becarried out in a clean environment. Its way to control contamination is correct structural design and must be required tominimize the susceptibility of the radiant cryogenerator to contamination.
出处
《真空与低温》
2014年第5期288-293,共6页
Vacuum and Cryogenics
关键词
制冷器
污染
反射率
热负荷
cryogenerator
contamination
emittance
heat load
