摘要
直接参加敌对行动是国际人道法最根本的概念,对于平民能否享有免受直接攻击之一般保护至关重要,然而由于历史原因,国际人道法中没有直接参加敌对行动的定义,也没有其判断标准。随着当代战争和武装冲突史无前例地涉及平民,确保国际人道法对平民的保护就显得极为迫切,而关键在于如何理解直接参加敌对行动。红十字国际委员会2009年发布的《解释性指南》初步构建了直接参加敌对行动的理论体系,不过存在较多瑕疵,而且本身不具有法律效力,但《解释性指南》作为开创性的文件,是继续讨论直接参加敌对行动的出发点和基础。加快厘清直接参加敌对行动含义的进程,形成有关国际习惯法或国际条约以赋予其法律约束力,将从整体上促进国际人道法的发展并增进其效力。
Direct participation in hostilities （DPH） is the fundamental concept of international humanitarian law and is crucial for civilians to enjoy the general protection from direct attack. However, there is neither definition of DPH in international humanitarian law nor any criterion to make judgment due to history. As contemporary wars and armed conflicts involve civilians unprecedentedly, it is extremely urgent to assure protection of civilians by international humanitarian law and the, key is how to interpret DPH. The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law （the Interpretive Guidance） by International Committee of the Red Cross of 2009 has constructed the theoretical system of DPH preliminarily, bat loopholes are common and the Interpretive Guidance per se is not legally binding. However, the Interpretive Guidance, as a path-breaking document, forms a starting point and basis for any further diacussion of DPH. To accelerate the process clarifying the meaning of DPH and eventually to form related customary international law or international treaties which would enable DPH with binding force, would promote the advancement and effectiveness of international humanitarian law on the whole.
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第11期98-105,共8页
Hebei Law Science
基金
国家社科基金重点项目<海外安全利益法律保护的中国模式研究>(13AFX028)
教育部人文社科重点基地重大项目<全球安全基本法律问题研究>(12JJD820004)
中国博士后科学基金第53批面上资助<当代战争私有化与国际法的未来发展>(2013M530586)
关键词
直接参加敌对行动
损害下限
直接因果关系
交战联系
旋转门
direct participation in hostilities
threshold of harm
direct causation
belligerent nexus
revolving door
