摘要
目的：研究分析我国潜优势项目青少年运动员的体型特征。方法：采用Heath-Carter体型分类方法,对4391名（男2498名、女1893名）我国潜优势项目（包括12个男子项目和14个女子项目）青少年运动员的体型进行分析。结果：潜优势项目男、女运动员的平均体型分别为2.1-3.8-3.4和3.3-2.9-3.4,体型类型分别为外胚型的中胚型和内胚型-外胚型。总体和各项目运动员平均体型男、女间均存在显著性差异（P〈0.001,P〈0.05）,其中内胚型均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,而曲棍球、蹦床、拳击、射箭和自行车项目运动员的中胚型,网球、游泳和皮划艇项目运动员的外胚型男、女间无显著差异。体型离差平均数男、女运动员分别为2.4~4.7和3.0~4.4,体型偏位平均数男、女运动员分别为1.1~2.0和1.4~1.9。不同项目间男、女运动员的平均体型和体型成分均存在显著性差异（P〈0.001）。内胚型与中胚型之间的相关系数男、女运动员分别为0.49和0.26,内胚型与外胚型之间的相关系数男、女分别为-0.67和-0.52,中胚型与外胚型之间的相关系数男、女分别为-0.73和-0.61（P〈0.01）。结论：我国潜优势项目青少年运动员体型普遍存在性别和运动项目差异,性别差异主要表现在内胚型,其次为外胚型和中胚型。体型类型的分布女子较男子更为分散。不同体型成分之间存在一定程度的相关,且男运动员的相关程度均大于女运动员。部分项目青少年运动员的基本体型类型与国外高水平青少年运动员一致,但中胚型成分偏低,某些运动项目内胚型、外胚型成分的标准差偏大。
Objective To analyze the somatotype features of Chinese adolescent athletes in potentially preponderant sports events.Methods The somatotype features of 4,391 Chinese adolescent athletes（2498 males and 1893 females）in potentially preponderant events（12 male events and 14 female events）were evaluated by Heath-Carter anthropometric method.Results The average somatotype was2.1-3.8-3.4（ectomorphy-mesomorph）for male,and 3.3-2.9-3.4（endomorphy-ectomorph）for female adolescent athletes in potentially preponderant events.There were significant gender differences in average somatotype（P 〈 0.001）and events（P 〈 0.05）,and in endomorph composition（P 〈 0.05）.No significant gender difference in mesomorph composition was found in the events of hockey,trampoline,boxing,archery and bicycling,nor in ectomorph composition in the events of tennis,swimming and boat racing.The somatotype mean dispersion and somatotype mean deviation were 2.4~4.7 and 1.1~2.0 for males,and 3.0~4.4 and 1.4~1.9 for females,respectively.Significant differences were found in average somatotype（P 〈 0.001）and somatotype composition（P 〈 0.001）for both males and females.The correlation coefficients between the endomorph and mesomorph,endomorph and ectomorph,and mesomorph and ectomorph for males and females were 0.49 and 0.26,-0.67 and-0.52,and-0.73 and-0.61,respectively（P 〈 0.01）.Conclusion（1）There were gender difference and event difference in the somatotype of Chinese adolescent athletes.Gender difference was mainly displayed in somatotype composition,especially in endomorph composition.The positive association was found in different somatotype composition,especially in males.（2）The main somatotype in Chinese adolescent athletes in some events was similar to that in the elite international world class adolescent athletes.However,there were relatively lower mesomorph composition and higher standard deviations of ectomorph and endomorph composition in Chinese adolescent athletes.
出处
《中国运动医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期413-418,共6页
Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
基金
"十一五"科技部支撑计划<我国竞技体育潜优势项目取得突破的关键技术研究--潜优势项目专项选材与青少年基础训练的研究>(2006BAK37B02)
关键词
潜优势项目
青少年运动员
体型
potentially preponderant events
adolescent athletes
somatotype
