摘要
目的了解北京市怀柔区养禽人员禽流感暴露情况,为制定该人群禽流感防控措施提供依据。方法通过多阶段典型整群抽样方法抽取怀柔区800名从事禽类养殖人员(包括大型养禽场从业者,个体和家庭养禽者)进行暴露情况问卷调查。结果共调查794人,其中大型禽类养殖场人员84人(10.58%),个体和家庭养禽人员710人(89.42%)。主要暴露方式是喂养(97.86%)、清扫禽舍(86.02%);接触禽频率>20 d/月的人员所占的比例为82.62%,累计暴露时间>4 a的人员所占的比例为73.68%。相比个体和家庭,大型养禽场禽的疫苗接种率(95.24%)更高(χ2=10.41,P<0.01),而人的流感疫苗接种率(31.27%)更低(χ2=25.92,P<0.01)。大型养禽场接触病死禽时防护采取率高于个体和家庭养殖者(P<0.05)。结论怀柔区禽养殖人群存在禽流感疫苗接种率低、接触禽频率高,部分人员接触病死禽时尚未采取防护等问题。相关健康教育和管理措施的全面性、系统性、可及性、针对性都亟待增强。
[ Objective ] To understand the status on avian influenza exposure of poultry breeding workers in Huairou District of Bei- jing, provide scientific evidence for formulating the prevention and control measures for this population. [ Methods ] Through the typical multi-stage cluster sampling, 800 workers engaging in poultry breeding in Huairou District were collected, to conduct the questionnaire survey. [ Results] A total of 794 people were involved in this study, in which 84 { 10.58% ） were workers in large poultry farms and 710 （ 89.42% ） were farmers in individual small-scale poultry farms or raising poultry in baekyard. The main ex- posure pathways were feeding （ 97.86% } and cleaning （ 86.02% }. The proportion of people exposed to poultry more than 20 days a month was 82.62% , and people whose cumulative exposure time longer than 4 days accounted for 73.68%. The vaccination rate of poultries in large poultry farms （ 95.24% ） was higher than that in individual small-scale poultry farms and raising poultry in backyard （ X2 = 10.41, P 〈0.01 ） , and vaccination rate of workers in large poultry farm （ 31.27 % ） was lower than that in other two breeding forms I X2 = 25.92, P 〈 0.01 ）. The implementing rate of the protective measures when workers were exposed to the poultries died from the disease in large poultry farms was higher than that in individual small-scale poultry farms and family farms. [ Conclusion ] Among the people engaging in poultry breeding in Huairou District, there are some problems such as lower coverage rate of avian influenza vaccine, higher rate of exposure to poultry, and the lack of protective measures when contacting the poul- tries. The totality, systematieness, accessibility and pertinency of the relative health education and management measures should be further improved.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2014年第15期2049-2051,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
禽流感
禽养殖
暴露
Avian influenza
Poultry＂ breeding
Exposure
