摘要
通过研究普通小麦D2 型CMS -育性恢复体系中育性基因的种类及其遗传特性 ,结果表明 :(1)D2 型不育系具有较好的不育性保持与恢复特征 ,在一般的普通小麦品种 (系 )中具有广泛的恢复 (基因 )源、可恢复度高 (恢复度超过 5 0 %的品种或品系占到 33.6 1% ) ,也能较容易地转育出新的不育系 (完全保持不育性的品种或品系占到2 5 .2 1% ) ,这一特征明显优于现有T、K、V型等不育系。 (2 )D2 型不育系的不育性受核内不育基因和抑制基因控制 ,相应的核基因型分为A1(不育基因 )、A2 (不育基因 +抑制基因 )两类 ;恢复系的恢复性受核内主效恢复基因、微效恢复基因和抑制基因控制 ,相应的核基因型分为C1(主效恢复基因 )、C2 (主效恢复基因 +微效恢复基因 )、C3(微效恢复基因 )、C4 (主效恢复基因 +抑制基因 )、C5 (主效恢复基因 +微效恢复基因 +抑制基因 )、C6 (微效恢复基因 +抑制基因 ) 6种。环境条件的变化对育性基因、尤其是微效恢复基因和抑制基因的遗传效应有不同程度的影响。D2型不育系有效杂交组合的基本模型为 :A1+C1、A1+C2、A2 +C2。 (3)D2 型不育系等位恢复基因的遗传表现为不完全显性 ,非等位恢复基因的遗传表现出累加效应 ,这正是强恢复系选育的理论依据之一。
The kinds of fertility genes and its genetic characters for D 2 type CMS lines of common wheat were studied, the results showed: (1) For D 2 type CMS line, there was wide restoring sources and high digree of restoration in common wheat varieties (the restoring digree of 33.61% varieties exceeded 50%), and new CMS lines were easily bred (25.21% varieties could maintain male sterility). These characters indicated that D 2 type CMS line was higher value in applied study, compared with T, K, V type CMS lines. (2) There were two forms of nuclear genotype for D 2 type CMS lines, namely A1(sterile gene) and A2(sterile gene+inhibiting gene). In nucleus of restorer lines, the fertility genotype was conditioned by 6 forms: C1(major restorer gene), C2(major restorer gene+minor restorer gene), C3(minor restorer gene), C4(major restorer gene+inhibiting gene), C5(major restorer gene+minor restorer gene+inhibiting gene), C6(minor restorer gene+inhibiting gene). The genetic expression of fertility genes was affected by environmental factors. The basic model of effective combination was A1+C1, A1+C2, A2+C2. (3) The allelic restorer genes were characterized by incomplete dominance and the nonallelic restorer genes were characterized by additive effect, which was the important basis of breeding good restorer lines.
基金
国家自然科学基金 (3 0 170 5 74)
973项目 (0 0 1CB10 880 7)
863项目 (2 0 0 1AA2 410 41)
中国科学院项目~~
