摘要
为改善老龄低效果园的通风透光条件,提升果品质量,采用疏枝、缩冠、清干和铺反光膜等技术,对烟台18~20 a生的乔砧老龄低效苹果园进行了果园结构优化改造。结果表明:改造后的果园群体结构明显改善,单株枝量减少了11.1%~14.1%,果园覆盖率和叶面积系数分别降低了28.7%~29.7%和33.2%~34.2%,果园透光率和树冠透光率分别提高了78.5%~84.8%和32.1%~35.0%;冠层结构明显改善,树冠体积降低了40.1%~42.8%;不同区位冠层的光照强度及叶片光合功能明显增加;果实品质显著提升,果实着色指数、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、优质果率分别显著提高了21.2%~25.2%、15.4%~18.4%、8.8%~8.9%和11.2%~12.5%。针对烟台乔砧老龄低效苹果园,采用疏枝、缩冠、清干和铺反光膜等技术可以明显改善果园的群体结构和冠层结构,提高树冠的光照强度和叶片的光合功能,显著提升果实品质。
In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and fruit quality, thinning,shrinking,clearing trunk and reflective film were adopted to optimize the structure of 18-20 years old vigorous stock inefficient apple orchards in Yantai. The results showed that the orchard population structure was significantly improved. The branches per plant significantly reduced by 11.1%-14.1%. The orchard coverage rate and leaf area coefficient decreased by 28.7%-29.7% and 33.2%-34.21%,respectively. The light transmittance of orchard and crown increased by 78.5%-84.8% and 32.1%-35.0%,respectively. The canopy structure was significantly improved,and the crown volume reduced by 40.1%-42.8%. The light intensity and leaf photosynthetic function of different canopy locations increased significantly. The fruit quality improved significantly, the coloringindex,flesh hardness,soluble solid contentand high-quality fruit rateincreased by 21.2%-25.2%,15.4%-18.4%,8.8%-8.9% and 11.2%-12.5%,respectively. The structural optimization and modification could obviously improve the orchard population structure and canopy structure,increase the crown light intensity and leaf photosynthetic function,and significantly improve the fruit quality.
作者
王来平
薛晓敏
聂佩显
陈汝
王金政
WANG Lai-ping;XUE Xiao-min;NIE Pei-xian;CHEN Ru;WANG Jin-zheng(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai'an 271000,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2018年第5期15-19,共5页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省农业科技园区产业提升工程项目"栖霞苹果提质增效技术集成与示范"
山东省重点研发计划项目"果园花果精准调控与品质管理技术研究"(2017CXGC0210)
国家苹果产业技术体系花果管理岗位建设资金项目(CARS-28)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目"烟台苹果提质增效标准化生产技术集成示范"(CXGC2017D01)
关键词
苹果园
低产园改造
树体结构
光照强度
Apple orchard
Low yield orchard modification
Tree structure
Light intensity
