摘要
目的对某船载门诊医疗间的工效学进行评价,为进一步改进优化提供实验依据。方法利用虚拟实验和足尺空间建模相结合的方法对船载门诊医疗间的工效学进行主观性评价。在虚拟实验阶段,首先进行船载门诊医疗间的原案设计,然后请被试对计算机设计的16套门诊医疗间布局方案进行评价筛选;在足尺空间实验阶段,通过构建足尺空间和语义解析法对门诊医疗间的房间布局、设备和装饰、椅子高度、办公书桌高度、文件柜位置、诊疗椅和诊疗床、房间大小、墙壁色彩进行评价。结果虚拟实验阶段,筛选出了5套方案,其和设定的原案用于后续的足尺空间模拟实验。在足尺空间模拟实验中,方案5的房间布局评价最高。设施设备评价方面,原案与增加设备或增加设备及装饰差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。办公桌高度评价方面,原案的评价显著高于降低办公桌高度的评价,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01);增加办公桌高度的评价与原案或降低办公桌高度的评价,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。文件柜位置评价结果表明,位置差异主效应不显著,诊疗椅和诊疗床评价方面,结果显示诊疗床椅差异主效应不显著;在房间大小评价方面,增加面积的评价显著高于原案或减少面积的评价,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。在墙壁色彩评价方面,原案色彩的评价显著高于粉色墙面的评价,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01),但与蓝色墙面评价结果比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),以及粉色墙面与蓝色墙面比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用虚拟房间的图形评价和实体房间的实证评价相结合的研究方法,可以对影响船载医疗间工效的多种主要因素有了总体了解,为优化医疗间提出了很好的建议。
Objective To evaluate the ergonomics of the shipboard outpatient medical room,so as to provide experimental medical support for further optimization.Methods Subjective evaluation of the ergonomics of the shipboard outpatient medical room was made by using virtual experiment and full-scale space modeling as well.At the stage of virtual experiment,an original design scheme of the shipboard outpatient medical room was made,then,screening and evaluation of the 16 layout design schemes of the outpatient medical room were performed by the subjects.At the stage of full-scale experiment,the layout,room size,facilities and decoration,height of chairs and desks,cabinet positions,diagnostic and medical chairs and beds,as well as wall colors were evaluated through construction of full-size room models and semantic differential method (SD).Results At the stage of virtual reality experimental stage,5 design schemes were screened out,which were used for subsequent full-scale simulation experiment together with the original design scheme.In the full-scale simulation experiment,scheme 5of room layout evaluation was the best.and in the facility and equipment experiment,the original design scheme showed no significant difference,as compared with the design scheme with more facility/equipment and or decoration(P >0.05).In the evaluation of desk height,the original design scheme was obviously better than that of design scheme with lower desk height(P <0.01).However,the design scheme of increased desk height was not significantly different,as compared with the decreased desk height(P >0.05).With regard to the evaluation of cabinet positions,evaluation results indicated that the influence of cabinet position was not significantly different as compared with the original design scheme.Corresponding to the evaluation of medical chairs and beds,results indicated that main effects could by no means be seen in them.With respect to the evaluation of room sizes,the evaluation of increased room size was obviously better than those of the origin
作者
李科华
王庆敏
沈俊
余亮
司高潮
时粉周
Li Kehua;Wang Qingmin;Shen Jun;Yu Liang;Si Gaochao;Shi Fenzhou(Department of Aviation Medicine,Naval Medical Research Institute,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《海军医学杂志》
2018年第6期481-485,489,共6页
Journal of Navy Medicine
基金
军内科研项目(13A501)
关键词
船载门诊医疗间
工效
语义差异方法
Shipboard outpatient medical room
Ergonomics
Semantic differential method
