摘要
目的了解3岁以下儿童精细动作发育情况,探讨影响儿童精细动作发育的相关因素,为促进儿童精细动作发育提供科学依据。方法选取2014年5-11月在全国东中西部7个城市的7家医院的儿童保健科进行保健的3岁以下的健康儿童4307名作为研究对象。采用自行设计的儿童基本情况调查表调查儿童的基本情况。神经心理发育测查采用首都儿科研究所编制的《0~6岁儿童神经心理检查量表》进行测查,并计算大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言及社会行为五大能区的智龄和发育商。该研究主要对儿童的精细动作发育情况进行分析。结果4307名儿童精细动作发育商均值为(95.62±18.33)分,单因素分析显示儿童精细动作发育商在性别、地区、父母亲文化程度及主要抚养人这几个变量间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),儿童在月龄组6~、12~及24~的智龄均数均低于实际月龄。多元线性回归分析结果显示影响儿童精细动作发育商的因素为儿童性别、母亲文化程度及主要抚养人。结论儿童家长在日常的养育过程中要加强儿童精细动作的培养,有意识地进行多种精细动作训练是促进儿童精细动作发展的一个重要手段。
Objective To survey the development of fine motor among children under 3 years old,explore influencing factors of fine motor development of children,provide a scientific basis for promoting fine motor development of children.Methods A total of 4 307 healthy children under 3 years old receiving health care in Department of Pediatric Health Care in 7 hospitals in 7 cities in the east,central,and western regions of China from May to November in 2014 were selected,a self-designed general situation questionnaire was used to survey the children.Neuropsychological development test was carried out based on neuropsychological examination scale for children aged 0-6 years old developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics,mental ages and development quotients of gross motor,fine motor,adaptability,language,and social behavior were calculated to analyze fine motor development of children.Results The mean development quotient of 4 307 children was ( 95.62±18.33) .Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in development quotient of fine motor among the children of different genders,living in different regions,with different educationsl levels of parents and main carers ( P<0.05) .The average mental ages of children in 6-month-,12-month-,and 24-month- age groups were lower than the actual age.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of fine motor included gender,educational level of mother,and main carer.Conclusion The cultivation of fine motor of children should be strengthened in the process of daily parenting,and consciously carrying out a variety of fine motor training is an important means to promote development of fine motor in children.
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
2018年第23期5562-5564,共3页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2012BAI03B01)
关键词
3岁以下儿童
精细动作
神经心理
影响因素
Child under 3 years old
Fine motor
Neuropsychology
Influencing factor
