摘要
罗马共和末期,以格拉古兄弟为代表的保民官发起了一系列试图缓和社会矛盾、挽救共和体制的社会改革运动,从而在罗马引发了长达百年的派系斗争和内战。在派系斗争中,保民官举足轻重的政治地位及其所起的急先锋和吹鼓手作用,使其扮演了关键的角色。保民官的兴风作浪和深度卷入,并被不同派系集团操纵和利用,使其沦为了派系集团争权夺利的工具。保民官在派系斗争中的所作所为,一方面激化了社会矛盾,导致了社会的动荡不安和大规模内战的爆发,破坏了罗马共和政制赖以存在的平衡体系,把罗马从共和政制推向了帝制;另一方面,由于保民官不再捍卫平民的利益,成为派系集团召之即来、挥之即去的棋子,使其失去了昔日的权威和地位,因此彻底葬送了自己的政治前途,逐渐失去了继续存在的价值和意义。
In the late Roman Republic,tribunes represented by Gracchus launched a series of social reforms so as to ease social conflicts and save the republic.This lead to long-lasting clique struggle and even civil war.By virtue of their crucial political status and role as vanguards and proponents,the tribunes played a very important part in the clique struggle.Deeply involved in the struggle,manipulated and exploited by different sectarian groups,tribunes became tools for factional groups to obtain power.Their conducts in the struggle on the one hand intensified social conflicts, engendered social turmoil,caused the outbreak of the civil war,broke the balance concerning the existence of the Roman Republic,and accelerated the transition of Rome from a republic to an autocratic monarchy.On the other hand, considering the tribunes no longer defended the interests of civilians and became a chess piece of the factional groups, they lost their past authority and status,ruined their political career and were gradually deprived of the value and significance of their existence.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期72-78,共7页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
2017年度国家社科基金课题"罗马内战研究"(17BSS001)
2014年度湖南省教育厅重点课题"古罗马共和末期派系斗争研究"(14A102)
关键词
罗马共和末期
保民官
派系斗争
格拉古兄弟改革
凯撒
the late Roman Republic
tribunes
clique struggle
Gracchus Reform
Gaius Julius Caesar
