摘要
【目的】探明早熟糯稻新品种三峡糯一号的配套栽培技术及高产机理。【方法】应用三因素二次正交回归旋转组合设计，建立了栽插密度、施氮量、移栽叶龄与三峡糯一号根系活力、剑叶光合速率、基部叶片叶绿素含量、基部叶片POD酶活性等主要生理指标的数学模型，并通过模拟寻优出优化栽培措施方案。【结果】施氮量是影响三峡糯一号生理指标的主要因素，增大施氮量（137.55～172.50 kg/hm2）可提高水稻根系活力，基部叶片叶绿素含量增加，剑叶光合速率高，但施氮量少（34.96～86.25 kg/hm2）能促进POD酶活性，过大的施氮量（超过137.55 kg/hm2）又会抑制POD酶活性；低密度（15.00～18.75万穴/hm2）可促进水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率高、加速光合物的转化，而高密度（28.13～37.50万穴/hm2）抑制水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率低、光合物转化减慢、不利于产量的形成；小苗秧（3.0～5.0叶）叶片叶绿素合成速度快，大苗秧（7.0～8.5叶）叶片叶绿素合成速度减慢；栽插密度和施氮量在低水平（-1.682～0）水平区间，其增产效果非常明显，原因在于二者对POD酶活性、根系活力的促进及加速光合物转化。【结论】三峡糯一号高产组合方案为：栽插密度22.53～24.45万穴/hm2、施氮量131.23～136.11 kg/hm2、栽插叶龄为5.07～6.17叶。在这样的栽培措施下，三峡糯一号有95％的把握可达到根系活力大于27.31μg/（gFW·h）、剑叶光合速率大于3.43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h）、基部叶片叶绿素高于23.88 mg/g、基部叶片POD酶含量高于23.88 POD470/（g·min）的高产生理指标和产量在8362.87 kg/hm2以上。
Obj ective Our aim of the study was to explore the cultivation techniques of the new early-ripening rice of Sanxia glutinous-1 and to suggest mechanisms of high yield.[Method]A three factors （transplanting density,nitrogen addition and leaf age）and two orthogonal regres-sion rotation combination design was used in this study.Some physiological index,root vigor, photosynthetic rate of sword leaves and chlorophyll content and POD activity of basal was esti-mated.The optimization cultivation measures were obtained based on mathematical simulation.[Results]Nitrogen was the key factor affecting physiological index of Sanxia glutinous-1.Nitro-gen application rate from 137. 55 to 172. 50 kg/hm2 improved root activity,chlorophyll content of basal leaves and photosynthetic rate flag leaf.But nitrogen applidtion rates between 34. 96 and 86. 25 kg/hm2 promoted POD activity.More than 137. 55 kg/hm2 nitrogen inhibited POD activity.Low density （150 000-187 500 point/hm2 ）increased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate and transformation of photosynthetic matter.However,high density （281 300-375 000 point/hm2 ）decreased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate,transformation of photosynthetic matterand yield formation.Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3.0-5.0 leavesbut the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7.0-8.5 leaves.when planting density and nitrogenapplication rate were at a low interval （-1.6 82 -0 ）,effects of increasing yield was veryobvious.This was mainly because they together promote root activity,POD activity and photosyntheticconversion.[Conclusion]The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1 were shownas followed：Planting density 22 5 300 -244 500 point/hm2 ,nitrogen application 1 3 1.2 3 -1 3 6.1 1kg/hm2 and leaf age of 5.07 - 6.1 7 .Under the cultivation measures,9 5 % confidence could bereached in the following parameters：Root activity 〉2 7.3 1 μg/（gFW·h）,photosynthetic rate offlag leaf 〉3.43 CO2 mg/（dm2 ·h）,chlorophyll of basal le
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期126-133,共8页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
重庆高等职业技术院校应用技术推广中心项目:高产优质抗逆糯稻新品种三峡糯一号中试与示范(项目编号:TG1310002)
