摘要
近年来,动物福利在世界范围内受到关注,越来越多的动物园认识到了环境丰容工作的重要性,尝试应用各种方法为动物提供丰容,以提高其生活质量。物种特异性行为的增加和异常行为的减少被认为是其生理健康的重要指标,而丰容的理想结果即是使圈养动物呈现接近自然状态的行为。动物园工作者在尝试应用丰容消除动物刻板行为时,首先需要考虑刻板行为的成因,进而从根本上采取积极有效的消除方法。模拟自然环境:在动物笼舍中添加自然材料、植被、水源、岩石及其他设施,可以使环境更适合动物,在满足物种的生物学需求的同时,刺激动物更多地表现出物种特异性行为;增加环境复杂性:提高圈养动物环境的复杂性及不可预测性,添加各种各样新奇的物体,并且经常更换,以保持刺激的新奇性;增加感官刺激:通过看、听、嗅、触等方式为圈养动物提供感官刺激,可以达到类似于增加环境复杂性的效果。
In recent years, animal welfare and the importance of environmental enrichment have received increasing emphasis and most zoos are trying to enrich enclosure environments to enhance the life quality of captive animals. Increases in the proportions of behaviors typical of species combined with declines in proportions of abnormal behaviors are regarded as an indicator of a captive animal＇s physical health. The ideal effect of environmental enrichment is to enable animals to perform their natural behaviors or close approximations to their natural behaviors in captivity. Zoo staffs should consider the causes of stereotypical behavior in the first place when trying to eliminate this behavior by environmental enrichment, and then implement effective measures. Simulation of natural environments by use of natural materials, such as vegetation, water and rock, were add- ed to make animals more comfortable, meet the biological requirements of individuals and stimulate expression of species -specific behaviors. More complex habitats were created through provision of unusual objects, and frequent updating of these objects to maintain their novelty value for ani- mals. Sensory stimulation targeting vision, hearing, and touch yielded results similar to those that resulted from increased habitat complexity.
出处
《野生动物学报》
2014年第2期220-223,共4页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
丰容
刻板行为
圈养动物
Enrichment
Stereotypic behavior
Captive rearing
