摘要
2012年8 ～10月和2013年4～5月,对齐齐哈尔机场春秋两季鸟类飞行垂直空间格局进行了调查,主要调查机场空域不同垂直高度下的飞行鸟类及其数量,并对其鸟类组成进行多样性指数分析,再进行鸟击危害指数的分析及排序.结果发现：齐齐哈尔机场春季分布鸟类共39种,秋季分布32种.在0 ～20 m、20～ 40 m、40～ 100 m及100 m以上4个不同垂直空域中,春季鸟类多样性指数为H20～40m＞H0～20m＞H40～100m＞ Hm0m以上;秋季鸟类多样性指数为H0～20m＞H20～40m＞H40～100m＞H100m以上.春季均匀性指数为E100m以上＞E0 ～20m＞E20～40m＞E40～100m;秋季均匀性指数为E40～ 100m＞E20～40m＞E0～ 20m＞E100m以上.春秋两季在0 ～20 m空域与20～ 40 m空域的鸟类相似性系数最高.春季鸟击危害指数为R20 ～40m＞R0～20m＞R40 ～ 100m＞R100m以上;秋季鸟击危害指数为R20～40m＞R40～100m＞R0～20m＞R100m以上.20 ～100 m空域鸟击危害指数均较高,是鸟击预防的重点空域.由此,确定了齐齐哈尔机场春秋两季重点预防鸟类及空域,并提出了相应的预防鸟击事件发生的措施及建议.
We investigated the vertical distribution of birds in flight at Qiqihar Airport in spring and autumn from August to October 2012 and April to May 2013. We recorded flying bird species and numbers by vertical height above ground level at Qiqihar airport, We calculated diversity indices and bird strike risk index. We recorded 39 species of birds in spring and 32 species in autumn. At four heights above ground level 0 -20 m, 20 -40 m, 40 -100 m, and 〉100 m, spring bird diversity was H20-40m 〉 Ho-20m 〉H40-100m 〉 H〉100m. Autumn bird diversity was Ho-20m 〉 H20-40m 〉 H40-l00m 〉 H〉l00m. Spring evenness was E〉l00m 〉 E0-20m 〉 E20-40m 〉 E40-l00m. Autumn even- ness was E40-100m 〉 E20-40m 〉 E0-20m 〉 E〉100m. The highest similarity coefficient of spring and autumn bird assemblages were at 0 -20 m and 20 -40 m above ground. Spring bird strike hazard was R20-40m 〉 R0-20m 〉 R40-l00m 〉 R〉l00m. Autumn bird strike hazard was R20-40m 〉 R40-l00m 〉 Ro-20m 〉 R〉l00m. Bird strike risk was higher in the 20 -100 m airspace, and this is the height above ground at which emphasis should be placed for prevention of bird strike. We determined the focus for prevention of bird strike and protection of airspace in spring and autumn at Qiqihar airport, and propose appropriate measures and recommendations to prevent bird strikes.
出处
《野生动物学报》
2014年第2期194-199,共6页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目支持
项目编号:2572014CAQ01
