摘要
为了解稀土元素对农田生态系统的影响,综述了近几十年来国内外有关土壤稀土元素生态毒性的研究进展,包括土壤稀土元素的主要来源途径,稀土元素对农田生态系统中植物、动物和微生物生长、发育、繁殖的影响。高浓度的稀土元素会破坏植物细胞膜的性质和结构,影响植物的抗氧化系统,扰乱植物对矿质营养元素的正常吸收和利用,诱使植物细胞发育不良、染色体畸变等现象发生。稀土元素可影响动物的消化、呼吸、生殖、神经、血液和免疫系统等。稀土元素对土壤微生物数量、种类、群落结构与功能多样性等均有影响。探讨了土壤稀土元素的生态毒性诊断方法,目前常见的植物毒性诊断法、蚯蚓毒性诊断法、土壤微生物诊断法、生物标记物诊断法和遗传毒性诊断法等可用来诊断土壤中稀土元素的生态毒性。提出了以后开展土壤稀土元素生态毒性研究应加强的方面:在群落、个体和细胞水平上研究稀土元素对土壤动物和微生物的影响,加强稀土元素生态毒性诊断新方法和新技术的探讨,进行稀土元素生物有效性与土壤因素关系的研究等。
dysplasia and chromosome aberration. Rare earth elements can affect animals＇ digestive, respiratory, reproduc- tive, nerve, blood China is one of the rare earth resources-rich countries, and more than 90% of consumption of rareearth products in the world are produced in China recently. Unreasonable mining and smelting of rare earth re-sources, application of rare earth elements in farmland, and other reasons, resulted in serious pollution of thesurrounding environment in mining area, and accumulation of rare earth elements in soil. In order to under-stand the influence of rare earth elements on farmland ecological system, the researches addressing ecologicaltoxicity of rare earth elements were reviewed. The higher content of rare earth elements in soil will affect thestructure and function stability of farmland ecosystem, and cause a series of toxicological effect. The higherconcentration of rare earth elements can damage the structure and properties of plant cell membrane, affect an-tioxidant system in plants, disturb the normal uptake and utilization of mineral nutrients, and induce olant celland immune system. The quantity, species, community structure and function diversity of soil microorganism can be affected by rare earth elements. The diagnosis methods of ecological toxicity of rare earth elements in soil were discussed. Plant toxicity diagnosis method, earthworm toxicity diagnosis method, soil microbial diagnostics, biomarker diagnosis method and genetic toxicity diagnosis method can be used to diagnose the ecological toxicity of rare earth elements in soil. The article concluded with recommendations for future study of ecological toxicity of rare earth elements in soil, including studying of toxic effect of rare earth elements on soil animal and microorganism on community, individual and cellular levels, exploring the new methods and techniques of eco-toxicity diagnosis of rare earth elements, studying the relationship between rare earth element bioavailability and soil factors.
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期213-223,共11页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
中科院院地合作项目“江西省典型矿区及周边土壤重金属污染特征及其联合修复技术”
上饶师范学院科技立项课题(201308)
关键词
土壤
稀土元素
植物
动物
微生物
毒性
诊断
农田生态系统
soil
rare earth elements
plant
animal
microorganism
toxicity
diagnosis
farmland ecosystem
