摘要
浮游纤毛虫是海洋环境中连接微食物网与经典食物链的重要中介,在浮游生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要的作用。从20世纪70年代末开始,国际上已在实验室内和海上现场开展了对浮游纤毛虫生长率的研究;国内在这方面起步比较晚,只有在实验室内对浮游纤毛虫生长率进行过少量研究,海上现场生长率的研究迄今尚无。对相关浮游纤毛虫生长率的研究成果进行了综述,以期为我国的相关研究提供借鉴。室内培养的研究结果表明,浮游纤毛虫的生长率与温度和饵料有关,在特定的温度下,饵料浓度低于生长阈值浓度时,纤毛虫停止生长,随饵料浓度的上升,生长率增加,饵料浓度增加到一定程度,生长率达到内禀生长率,此后,随饵料浓度增加不再增加。目前在实验室内测定了34种海洋浮游纤毛虫的内禀生长率,范围为0.1—3.05 d-1。在特定的饵料种类下,纤毛虫的内禀生长率与温度有关,温度过低停止生长甚至死亡,在此基础上,随温度升高,内禀生长率呈线性增加,温度增加到一定程度,内禀生长率降低。pH值升高对纤毛虫的生长有不利影响。估计自然海区纤毛虫生长率的方法主要是海水分粒级培养法,得出的生长率最大为3.3 d-1。自然海区的纤毛虫生长率受温度影响较大,缺氧区纤毛虫生长率的变化因纤毛虫类群而不同,纤毛虫生长是否受饵料影响(上行控制)在不同的海区有不同的结果。根据纤毛虫生物量和生长率可以估计纤毛虫生产力,大多数纤毛虫生产力的估计高于桡足类生产力。
Marine planktonic ciliates are a link between microbial food web and classical food chain. They play a pivotal role in material cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystem. Since the 1970s, growth rates of marine planktonic ciliates have been studied in both laboratory and in situ. Only few laboratory studies on ciliate growth rates are available in China, and no field research has been carried out to determine the growth rates of planktonic ciliates. This review summarizes previous studies on the growth rates in both laboratory and in situ. Laboratory experiments show that the growth rates varied with food type and temperature. Under a certain temperature, ciliate would stop growing or die when food availability is below its threshold value. The growth rates could increase as food concentration increase over the threshold value, and then reach intrinsic growth rate （μmax ）, stay or drop slightly at a high food concentrations. Scientists estimated the μmax values of 34 oligotrichous ciliate species in laboratory; and the values ranged 0.1--3.05 d-1. Feeding on a given prey, ciliate would stop growing or die at low temperature. μmax increased linearly with temperature in the intermediate range. Higher pH will restrain μmax Size-fractionated seawater incubation was used to estimate in situ ciliate growth rate, from which the maximum growth rate was 3.3 d-1. Temperature, hypoxia, and prey （bottom up control） influenced the ciliate growth rate in different regions. Planktonic ciliate production, calculated according to ciliate abundance and growth rate, was higher than planktonic copepod production in most cases.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第8期1897-1909,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2011CB409804
2014CB441504)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11030202.2)
关键词
浮游纤毛虫
生长率
现场培养
分粒级培养
planktonic ciliate
growth rate
in situ incubation
size-fractionated incubation
