摘要
西汉末年兴起了一次复古改制风潮,国家祭祀制度改革是其中重要的组成部分。元成之际,匡衡初发郊祀改革之议。建始元年,南郊郊祀制度得以实施。以匡衡为首力主郊祀改革的一派,以"复古"为首要原则,但因受礼书内容限制,他们未能触动原国家祭祀的核心礼仪。此后30余年间,南郊郊祀制时废时兴。在最高祭祀频繁的剧烈变动中,原有的祠畤祭祀体系逐渐倾颓。最终,王莽提出了"元始仪",以《周礼》为纲,重塑了南郊郊祀制度。秦以来的祠畤祭祀制度自此终止,延续两千年的南郊郊祀制得以开启。西汉末年国家祭祀的这一大变局,彻底改变了中国古代国家祭祀的性格特点。
The late Western Han saw a movement torestore ancient ways'and reform institutions.Reform of the national sacrifice was an important component of this trend.During the Emperors Yuan and Cheng reign periods,Kuang Heng took the initiative in proposing to reform the sacrifice by instituting the jiao si(郊祀)system.In the first year of the Jianshi,the nan jiao(南郊)jiao si system was implemented.Advocates of this reform,represented by Kuang Heng,tookrestoration of ancient ways'as their primary principle,but they were constrained by the content of the ritual texts and so did not touch the core rituals of the original national sacrifice.Over the next three decades,the fortunes of the nan jiao sacrifice ebbed and flowed.Amid frequent radical changes in the supreme sacrifice,the earlier ci zhi(祠畤)sacrificial framework gradually fell into desuetude.Finally,Wang Mang put forward theYuan Shi Ceremonies',taking the Rites of Zhou(周礼)as a guideline,and reshaped the nan jiao sacrifice system.This period saw the end of the ci zhi,operational since the Qin Dynasty,and the beginning of the nan jiao jiao si system,which was to last for 2000 years.This great change to the national sacrifice in the late Western Han transformed the character of the national sacrifice in traditional China.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期24-39,188,共16页
Historical Research
