摘要
利用ERP（Event Related Potential）技术考察乒乓球运动员和大学生在一般认知加工过程中的差别.研究假设：运动员由于长期训练的原因,他们在早期的视觉注意、认知控制和识别过程中将与普通大学生存在差异.研究选取10名国家二级乒乓球运动员和12名普通大学生,考察他们在视觉空间旋转判断任务中的表现.结果显示,运动员和大学生在辨别反应任务和选择反应任务的反应时上不存在显著差异,但两者在ERP结果上存在显著差异.在辨别反应中,运动员在O1和OZ点P1波的振幅显著小于大学生,在FZ点N2波的振幅显著大于大学生（P＜0.05）;在选择反应中,运动员在OZ点的振幅显著小于大学生（P＜0.05）,在F3和FZ点的N2振幅显著大于大学生（P＜0.05）,在CZ和C3点P3波的振幅显著小于大学生（P＜0.05）.在刺激呈现后400～500ms期间,除了顶叶的激活外,乒乓球运动员显示出额叶的激活,而大学生则显示出双侧颞叶激活.结果表明,受长期训练的影响,运动员具有较高的视觉注意和认知控制能力,在反应选择和动作准备上,运动员倾向于采取自上而下的加工,而大学生倾向于采取自下而上的加工.
The differences between table tennis players and university student on rotation judgment in rapid visual spatial tasks were studied in this research by Event Related Potential. The hypothesis was that, due to the long-term practice, table tennis players and university students were different on the visual processing, stimulus discrimination and cognitive control. The performance of 10 table tennis players and 12 university students participated in the study. The results indicated that there were no differences on the reaction time of DRT and CRT between table tennis players and university students, but there were sig- nificant differences on ERP. In DRT, The peak amplitude of P1 at O1 and OZ of athletes was significantly smaller than that of students. The peak amplitude of N2 of athletes at FZ was significantly larger than that of students ; In CRT, the peak amplitude of P1 of athletes at OZ was significantly smaller than that of uni- versity students, the peak amplitude of N2 of athletes at F3 and FZ was significantly larger than that of university students, the peak amplitude of P3 at CZ and C3 of athletes was significantly smaller than that of students, but the peak latency was significantly larger than students. Between 400-500ms after onset of stimulus, both athletes and students had parietal activation. Except that, athletes also had prefrontal activation, while students also had temporal activa- tion. The results indicated that the table tennis players had stronger visual attention ability and cognitive control ability. During the action choosing and preparation, athletes tend to process information in top-down manner, while students tend to process information in bottom-up manner.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期33-37,共5页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
上海市大文科学术新人培养计划(项目编号:xsxr2012010)
上海高校一流学科(心理学)开放基金项目(项目编号:XL2012007)
关键词
乒乓球运动经验
认知控制
一般认知加工
table tennis experience
cognitive control
common cognitive process
