摘要
冷战结束以后的族群冲突浪潮唤起西方社会科学重新思考族群与政治的关系,形成四种理论取向:文化主义观强调族群内部强烈的主观联系和价值在族群动员路径形成过程中的重要性;族性反应论认为族群动员的根本原因在于族群联系和相对剥夺的重合;竞争观强调在争取资源和权力过程中,族群领袖蓄意利用认同从而刺激族性;政治过程观侧重宏观政治语境的作用。虽然在没有民主价值传统的国家突兀地引入民主体制可能会引发族群冲突,但培育民主态度是族群冲突有效的预防机制。
After the Cold War, the surge of ethnic conflicts urged Western social science circles to reconsider the relation between ethnic groups and politics and formed four different theoretical perspectives on ethnic mobilization： 1 ） the culturalist perspective, which emphasizes the significance of strong subjective bonding and values within ethnic groups for shaping the lines of ethnic mobilization; 2） the reactive ethnicity perspective, which uses an economic perspective to argue that the primary cause of ethnic mobilization lies in the coincidence of ethnic bonding and relative deprivation; 3） the competition perspective, which focuses on ethnic leaders making rational calculations about their identity and invoking ethnicity in their struggle for resources and power; and 4） the political process perspective, which emphasizes the role of the macro- political context, consisting of the institutional environment and the dominant political discursive context. Although a sudden introduction of a democratic system into countries with no tradition of democratic values might stimulate ethnic conflicts, fostering democratic attitudes can be an effective prevention mechanism against ethnic conflicts.
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期16-23,共8页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
族群政治
族群动员
西方比较政治理论
ethnic politics
ethnic mobilization
Western comparative politics
