摘要
目的通过构建学生结核病防治KAP结构方程模型,分析模型各因素间的作用机制,并比较不同学生组别间的模型差别。方法利用2006年全国公众结核病防治知识信念行为调查的数据,采用结构方程对数据进行拟合评估构建学生结核病防治的KAP模型。并从形态、参数两方面分别对小学生、初中生和高中∕职高生的KAP模型进行多组比较。结果结核病卫生知识和政策知识的及格率仅为25.7%和38.1%;有59%和54.5%的学生表示很愿意获得结核病的防治知识和参与结核病防治活动;学生主动了解和主动向别人讲过结核病防治知识的仅占12.5%和9.3%。结构方程模型的拟合效果较佳。多组结构方程分析结果显示不同学习阶段学生的KAP模型形态一致,但是模型参数不同(Δχ2=63.519,Δdf=8,P<0.01);三组学生结核病知识分别对态度、行为的直接作用的路径系数均有统计学意义(P<0.01),但作用强度不同;态度对行为均呈现较弱的负效应(P>0.05)。结论学生结核病防治知识有待提高、主动执行防治行为的比例明显低于态度。不同学习阶段学生的KAP模型中有关知识对态度和行为的作用强度不同,因此对于不同学习阶段学生结核病的健康教育应该采取不同的策略。
Objective To explore mechanism of factors in KAP model related to Tuberculosis （TB） prevention and care under the structural equation model （ SEM）, and differences of KAP model among students. Methods A theoretical model was based on KAP theory. The structural equation model was used to validate the proposed model and multi - comparison in the ways of appearance and path by the survey data from public awareness, attitude and behaviors related to TB prevention and care in 2006. The SPSS software was applied to conduct statistical description, and AMOS7.0 software was used to build SEM. Re- sults The pass rate of health and policy knowledge related TB prevention and care was only 25.7% and 38.1% ,respectively. About 59% and 54.5% students expressed great willingness to acquire knowledge and participate in activities related TB preven- tion and care. Among students, merely 12.5 % of them learned some knowledge by themselves, and 9.3 % of them had told oth- ers some TB knowledge they knew. The goodness of fit for SEM was satisfactory. Multi - group comparison suggests the mod- els of three groups of students had the same appearance,but parameters between them were significant. （△Х^2= 63. 519, △df = 8,P 〈0.01 ） Knowledge related TB has direct effect on the attitude and practice,but played different role of three groups of students. The path coefficients were statistically significant. （ P 〈 0.01 ） Attitude showed slight and negative effect on the prac- tice. （P 〉 0.05） Conclusion Conclusion It is necessary to improve knowledge. The rate of active practice related prevention was significantly lower the rate of active attitude. Knowledge, attitude and practice played different role in KAP model among various type of students, so that policies should be adopted differently in health education.
出处
《中国卫生统计》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期41-44,48,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Statistics
基金
全球基金第四轮中国结核病项目(No.CHA-405-G40-T)
关键词
学生
结核病
KAP模型
多组结构方程模型
Students
Tuberculosis
KAP Model
Multiple - group structural equation modeling
