摘要
水通道蛋白（aquaporins,AQP）是一组参与跨膜水转运的膜通道蛋白,促进细胞膜对水的转运,AQP4在脑中含量最高,主要分布于与毛细血管、神经元及神经突触相邻的星形胶质的终足,也分布于下丘脑的视上核和室旁核神经元.AQP与中枢神经系统的很多疾病均密切相关,研究表明AQP4对脑水肿起调控作用,如与脑外伤、脑缺血、颅内感染、肿瘤等引起的脑水肿均密切相关.AQP4抗体是视神经脊髓炎患者血清中的特异性生物学标记物,对鉴别视神经脊髓炎与多发性硬化、预测预后及指导治疗都有意义.AQP4在神经退行性疾病、偏头痛、癫（痫）疴等其它疾病的病理生理过程中均发挥了作用.该文就AQP4在中枢神经系统内分布及其功能、影响因素、常见中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展进行综述.
Aquaporins （AQP） are membrane channel proteins which facilitate water transport through cell membranes.AQP4 is abundantly expressed in brain which is located in endfeet of astrocytes adjacent to capillaries,neurons,and neuronal synapses.It has also been identified in neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.AQP are closely related to many central nervous system diseases.Researches have showed that AQP4 participates in regulating and controling process of cerebral edema that caused by brain trauma,cerebral ischemia,intracranial infection and mmour,etc.AQP4 antibody is specific biological markers in serum of patients with neuromyelitis,which helps diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis,predicting prognosis and therapy of neuromyelitis optica.AQP4 has been shown to play roles in pathological and physiological process of neurodegenerative diseases,epilepsy,migraine.This article aims to review the distribution,function,influential factors of AQP4 and research development of AQP4 in common diseases of the central nervous system.
出处
《国际儿科学杂志》
2013年第6期607-610,共4页
International Journal of Pediatrics
