摘要
研究战国秦汉的亩产,以往都受到三大问题的困扰,即各地度量衡不一致问题、文献记载数据的可信性问题和粮食堆密度的推定问题。但新的出土文献为解决这三大困扰提供了比较充分的条件。根据商鞅方升、云梦秦简、张家山汉简、岳麓书院秦简等,可以算得秦国"石"的容积约为20 215毫升。但在衡量口粮时,"石"却不是"十斗粟"的意思,而应当是"十斗粝米",并由此推算出粟和粝米的堆密度约为0.6356克/毫升和0.750克/毫升。而分析北大秦简等记载的"三步一斗",再结合银雀山汉简等资料,则可以推算出秦国粟的最高亩产。在此基础上,亦可厘清传世文献关于亩产记载的诸多问题。结论是:战国后期秦国官方认定的粟的最高亩产为每市亩约295市斤,战国后期至西汉前期"中田"粟的亩产约为177市斤。
Most of the previous researches on per mu yield of millet during the Warring States period,Qin and Han dynasty were based on the yield data appeared on historical literatures.Fortunately,bamboo books unearthed in the recent years makes possible the credible investigation on per mu yield of millet.This paper makes clear the three different meanings of Dan,calculates the bulk density of millet,and obtains credible estimations of per mu yield of millet during Warring States period,Qin and Han dynasty.Based on these estimations of per mu yield,an analysis of the yield data of historical literatures is also presented in this paper.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期38-44,64,共8页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
江苏省重点学科南京师范大学中国史项目研究成果
