摘要
为研究农田水利工程治理盐渍化的效果,以天津市为例,结合ArcGIS9.3与试验分析方法,分析说明农田水利建设对土壤盐渍化改良的作用。结果表明,1982-2008年,盐渍土面积由49.40×104hm2,降低到32.42×104hm2,18.76%的盐渍土完全脱盐化,其他土壤盐化程度也大大降低;2006-2010年,来自于盐渍土的新增耕地面积减少了2.54×104hm2,但有1.11×104hm2的沟渠转换成耕地;0~60 cm内的滨海盐渍土剖面中,排水体系完善的耕地,69.81%以上在轻度盐化以下,而排水体系较差的荒地,40%以上为盐土,仅14.85%在轻度盐化以下。1982-2005年,易形成盐渍化的土壤面积由65.55×104hm2,减少到49.60×104hm2,减少区域与盐渍化降低区的分布区域一致。因此,农田水利建设是通过改良盐渍土的形成环境,从而达到治理盐渍化的效果。对于沟渠分布过密的脱盐化地区,可将部分废弃沟渠纳入宜耕后备资源中,通过土地整治促进农田集中连片,进而推进高标准农田建设。
Since the 1950s, China has begun to develop irrigation and water conservation project construction to control the saline-alkali soil. However, there are few reports about the effect on soil salinity improvement resulting from large-scale farmland and water conservancy engineering construction. So to check the effect of irrigation and drainage engineering on soil salinity improvement action, this research took Tianjin, in which the saline-alkali soil area is wide, as an example for the discussion and analysis of the improvement effect on soil salinity of farmland and water conservancy engineering construction. This study illustrated the relationship of interaction and change between farmland and water conservancy engineering construction and soil salinity improvement from the formation environment of saline-alkali soil and salinity change based on ArcGIS9.3 and laboratory analyses. The results showed that with the constant improvement of irrigation and drainage engineering construction and facilities, during the period from 1982 to 2002, the area where the salinity soil was easy to form reduced from 65.55×104 hm2to 54.60×104 hm2, which was down by up to the percentage of 9.96%. During the period from 1982 to 2008, the salinity soil area reduced from 49.40× 104 hm2 to 32.42× 104 hm2, in the meantime, 18.76% of the saline alkali soil had completed the desalinization with other areas whose soil salinity degree was also reduced substantially further. During the period from 2006 to 2010, newly increased cultivated land which originally belonged to saline-alkali land had decreased by 2.54~104 hm2, at the same time the area that the irrigation canals and ditches had exchanged into the cultivated land was up to 1.11 ~ 104 hm2. As for the profiles （0 -60 cm） of the coastal saline-alkali land, more than 69.81% of the cultivated land was under the slight salinity which had a perfect drainage system. On the contrary, more than 40% of the wasteland was the solonchak, with only 14.85% of it under the slight salinity who
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第20期82-88,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家科技基础性工作专项(编号:2008FY110600)
国家科技基础性工作专项(编号:2012FY112100)
关键词
土壤
排水
灌溉
盐渍化治理
天津市
soils, drainage, irrigation, salinity control, Tianjin
