摘要
设计由灌排合一生态环沟、生态景观型斗渠和斗沟组成的新型土地整治灌排系统,以上海市临港土地整治项目区为试验场地进行不同灌排系统面源污染防治效果对比试验,最后引入生态服务价值模型分析其产生的生态响应。结果表明:1)生态景观型灌排系统涵盖稻田-萍-鱼-蔬菜种植版互利共生系统和生态环沟-迂回式生化塘-斗沟湿地面源污染防治系统,实现了稻田养鱼和农业现代化经营共赢;同时在土地整治灌排系统稻田排水口处设置迂回式生化塘,为农业面源污染防治提供了一种新思路;2)生态景观型灌排系统通过植物吸收和截留、基质和底泥吸附及细菌和微生物降解等作用,在水稻生长周期6-10月面源污染防治效果均明显高于其他灌排系统,COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为77.57%、78.99%、69.77%、73.74%;3)生态景观型灌排系统带来的(正,负)生态响应中,正响应为4.95万元,是负响应的45倍,气候调节、水源涵养、废物处理、生物多样性保护、土壤保持和提供美学景观等功能均显著增强。
The current irrigation and drainage system in land renovation was mainly designed and constructed to heighten efficiency of irrigation and drainage, structure safety and convenient management, which, however, somewhat neglected ecological landscape design, exerting an inappropriate influence on the biological habitat and agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an ecological landscape irrigation and drainage system and realize more comprehensive benefits. First of all, originated from the traditional agricultural drainage and irrigation system, irrigation and drainage with an ecological ring-ditch was designed by using the principle of mutually-beneficial symbiosis of paddy, red duckweed, fish and vegetable planting plates, which realized the multifunctional stereo development of rice paddy pisciculture, vegetable planting and so on. Meanwhile, the roundabout biochemical pond was designed at the ecological ring-ditch drainage sluice, which was used as the treatment device of agricultural non-point source pollution. Then, ecological landscape lateral canal and lateral ditch was designed, which was made up of vegetation type diaphragm blocks, hornworts, vegetable planting plates, fish, Jumping type antiskid ecological plate and plant ecological community. What is more, by using the land reclamation project in shanghai as the experimental area, the rice growth cycle （6-10 months） as study period, the COD, NH4＋-N, TN and TP as test indicators, and three monitoring sections as monitoring points, experimental of non-point source pollution prevention effects were made comparisons between system 1, system 2 and system3. The system 1 was constituted by the irrigation and drainage system using ecological ring-ditch, roundabout biochemical pond and lateral ditch wetlands. The system 2 was constituted by the irrigation and drainage system using underground pipe and current lateral ditch. And the system 3 was constituted by the irrigation and drainage system using open chann
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期133-138,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"中部水网区连片村镇控源与水体强化净化技术集成与示范"(2012BAJ21B06)
关键词
土地整治
灌溉
排水
农业面源污染
生态服务价值
生态响应
land renovation
irrigation
drainage
agricultural non-point source pollution
ecological service value
ecological response
